[ { "id": "dehaene-2011-conscious-processing", "title": "Experimental and theoretical approaches to conscious processing", "authors": "Stanislas Dehaene; Jean-Pierre Changeux", "year": 2011, "doi": "10.1016/j.neuron.2011.03.018", "url": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21521609/", "journal": "Neuron", "area": "neuro", "type": "review", "summary_en": "Reviews conscious access through amplification and widespread availability of neural information in the global neuronal workspace framework.", "limitation_en": "A theoretical synthesis does not fully explain subjective experience.", "source_language": "en", "verification": "metadata_abstract", "translations": { "es": { "summary": "Revisa el acceso consciente mediante la amplificación y disponibilidad generalizada de información neuronal en el marco del espacio de trabajo neuronal global.", "limitation": "Una síntesis teórica no explica por completo la experiencia subjetiva." }, "ru": { "summary": "Обзор рассматривает сознательный доступ через усиление и широкую доступность нейронной информации в рамках глобального нейронного рабочего пространства.", "limitation": "Теоретический синтез не даёт полного объяснения субъективного опыта." }, "de": { "summary": "Der Überblick beschreibt bewussten Zugang durch Verstärkung und breite Verfügbarkeit neuronaler Informationen im Modell des globalen neuronalen Arbeitsraums.", "limitation": "Eine theoretische Synthese erklärt subjektives Erleben nicht vollständig." }, "fr": { "summary": "Cette revue décrit l’accès conscient par l’amplification et la disponibilité étendue de l’information neuronale dans le modèle de l’espace de travail neuronal global.", "limitation": "Une synthèse théorique n’explique pas entièrement l’expérience subjective." }, "zh": { "summary": "综述在全局神经工作空间框架下，探讨神经信息的放大与广泛可用性如何关联于意识通达。", "limitation": "理论综合并不能完整解释主观体验。" }, "en": { "summary": "Reviews conscious access through amplification and widespread availability of neural information in the global neuronal workspace framework.", "limitation": "A theoretical synthesis does not fully explain subjective experience." } }, "verified_on": "2026-11-14", "level": "reviewed", "relevance": "direct", "relevance_method": "Editorial screening of title and available abstract; not methodological review", "relevance_reason": "Examines conscious experience, its mechanisms, or NDEs." }, { "id": "mashour-2020-gnw", "title": "Conscious Processing and the Global Neuronal Workspace Hypothesis", "authors": "George A. Mashour et al.", "year": 2020, "doi": "10.1016/j.neuron.2020.01.026", "url": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32135090/", "journal": "Neuron", "area": "neuro", "type": "review", "summary_en": "Reviews global neuronal workspace mechanisms across perception, attention, working memory and anesthesia, emphasizing recurrent amplification and information sharing.", "limitation_en": "Competing theoretical accounts remain under investigation.", "source_language": "en", "verification": "metadata_abstract", "translations": { "es": { "summary": "Revisa los mecanismos del espacio de trabajo neuronal global en percepción, atención, memoria de trabajo y anestesia, destacando amplificación recurrente e intercambio de información.", "limitation": "Las explicaciones teóricas alternativas siguen investigándose." }, "ru": { "summary": "Обзор механизмов глобального нейронного рабочего пространства при восприятии, внимании, рабочей памяти и анестезии подчёркивает рекуррентное усиление и обмен информацией.", "limitation": "Альтернативные теоретические объяснения продолжают исследоваться." }, "de": { "summary": "Überblick über globale neuronale Arbeitsraummechanismen bei Wahrnehmung, Aufmerksamkeit, Arbeitsgedächtnis und Anästhesie, mit Schwerpunkt auf rekurrenter Verstärkung und Informationsaustausch.", "limitation": "Konkurrierende theoretische Erklärungen werden weiterhin untersucht." }, "fr": { "summary": "Revue des mécanismes de l’espace de travail neuronal global dans la perception, l’attention, la mémoire de travail et l’anesthésie, soulignant amplification récurrente et partage d’information.", "limitation": "Les explications théoriques concurrentes restent à l’étude." }, "zh": { "summary": "综述全局神经工作空间在知觉、注意、工作记忆及麻醉中的机制，强调循环放大与信息共享。", "limitation": "其他理论解释仍在研究之中。" }, "en": { "summary": "Reviews global neuronal workspace mechanisms across perception, attention, working memory and anesthesia, emphasizing recurrent amplification and information sharing.", "limitation": "Competing theoretical accounts remain under investigation." } }, "verified_on": "2026-11-14", "level": "reviewed", "relevance": "direct", "relevance_method": "Editorial screening of title and available abstract; not methodological review", "relevance_reason": "Near-death experiences or dying-brain activity are central" }, { "id": "albantakis-2023-iit4", "title": "Integrated information theory (IIT) 4.0: Formulating the properties of phenomenal existence in physical terms", "authors": "Larissa Albantakis et al.", "year": 2023, "doi": "10.1371/journal.pcbi.1011465", "url": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37847724/", "journal": "PLOS Computational Biology", "area": "neuro", "type": "theory", "summary_en": "Formalizes integrated information theory using proposed properties of experience, intrinsic information and causal relationships within physical systems.", "limitation_en": "The framework is theoretical, not experimental proof of consciousness.", "source_language": "en", "verification": "metadata_abstract", "full_text_url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10581496/", "license_note": "PMC explicitly identifies Creative Commons Attribution; confirm the precise license version before redistributing full text.", "translations": { "es": { "summary": "Formaliza la teoría de la información integrada mediante propiedades propuestas de la experiencia, información intrínseca y relaciones causales en sistemas físicos.", "limitation": "Es un marco teórico, no una demostración experimental de conciencia." }, "ru": { "summary": "Формализует теорию интегрированной информации через предполагаемые свойства опыта, внутреннюю информацию и причинные отношения в физических системах.", "limitation": "Это теоретическая модель, а не экспериментальное доказательство сознания." }, "de": { "summary": "Formalisiert die Theorie integrierter Information anhand angenommener Eigenschaften des Erlebens, intrinsischer Information und kausaler Beziehungen innerhalb physikalischer Systeme.", "limitation": "Das Modell ist theoretisch, kein experimenteller Bewusstseinsnachweis." }, "fr": { "summary": "Formalise la théorie de l’information intégrée à partir de propriétés proposées de l’expérience, de l’information intrinsèque et des relations causales dans les systèmes physiques.", "limitation": "Ce cadre est théorique, non une preuve expérimentale de conscience." }, "zh": { "summary": "以体验的假定属性、内在信息和物理系统内的因果关系，对整合信息理论进行数学形式化。", "limitation": "这是理论框架，并非意识的实验证明。" }, "en": { "summary": "Formalizes integrated information theory using proposed properties of experience, intrinsic information and causal relationships within physical systems.", "limitation": "The framework is theoretical, not experimental proof of consciousness." } }, "verified_on": "2026-11-14", "level": "reviewed", "relevance": "direct", "relevance_method": "Editorial screening of title and available abstract; not methodological review", "relevance_reason": "Consciousness states, mechanisms, or near-death awareness", "fulltext_url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10581496/" }, { "id": "koch-2016-ncc", "title": "Neural correlates of consciousness: progress and problems", "authors": "Christof Koch; Marcello Massimini; Melanie Boly; Giulio Tononi", "year": 2016, "doi": "10.1038/nrn.2016.22", "url": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27094080/", "journal": "Nature Reviews Neuroscience", "area": "neuro", "type": "review", "summary_en": "Reviews neural correlates and quantitative measures, emphasizing posterior cortical regions and separating experience from task monitoring and reporting.", "limitation_en": "Correlation does not establish causal sufficiency or settle theoretical disagreements.", "source_language": "en", "verification": "metadata_abstract", "translations": { "es": { "summary": "Revisa correlatos neuronales y medidas cuantitativas, destacando regiones corticales posteriores y separando experiencia, supervisión de tareas e informes.", "limitation": "La correlación no establece suficiencia causal ni resuelve discrepancias teóricas." }, "ru": { "summary": "Обзор нейронных коррелятов и количественных показателей выделяет задние корковые области, отделяя опыт от контроля задания и отчёта.", "limitation": "Корреляция не доказывает причинную достаточность и не разрешает теоретические разногласия." }, "de": { "summary": "Überblick über neuronale Korrelate und quantitative Maße, mit Schwerpunkt auf hinteren Kortexregionen und der Trennung von Erleben, Aufgabenüberwachung und Berichten.", "limitation": "Korrelation belegt keine kausale Hinlänglichkeit und klärt keine theoretischen Streitfragen." }, "fr": { "summary": "Revue des corrélats neuronaux et mesures quantitatives, soulignant les régions corticales postérieures et distinguant expérience, contrôle des tâches et compte rendu.", "limitation": "La corrélation ne prouve pas la suffisance causale ni ne tranche les désaccords théoriques." }, "zh": { "summary": "综述意识的神经相关机制及量化指标，强调后部皮层区域，并区分体验、任务监控与报告。", "limitation": "相关性不能证明因果充分性，也不能解决理论分歧。" }, "en": { "summary": "Reviews neural correlates and quantitative measures, emphasizing posterior cortical regions and separating experience from task monitoring and reporting.", "limitation": "Correlation does not establish causal sufficiency or settle theoretical disagreements." } }, "verified_on": "2026-11-14", "level": "reviewed", "relevance": "direct", "relevance_method": "Editorial screening of title and available abstract; not methodological review", "relevance_reason": "Examines conscious experience, its mechanisms, or NDEs." }, { "id": "casali-2013-pci", "title": "A theoretically based index of consciousness independent of sensory processing and behavior", "authors": "Adenauer G. Casali et al.", "year": 2013, "doi": "10.1126/scitranslmed.3006294", "url": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23946194/", "journal": "Science Translational Medicine", "area": "neuro", "type": "experiment", "summary_en": "Introduces an index of stimulation-evoked EEG complexity that distinguished several conscious and unconscious conditions in the studied participants.", "limitation_en": "A physiological index does not directly reveal subjective experience.", "source_language": "en", "verification": "metadata_abstract", "translations": { "es": { "summary": "Introduce un índice de complejidad del EEG evocado por estimulación que distinguió varias condiciones conscientes e inconscientes en los participantes estudiados.", "limitation": "Un índice fisiológico no revela directamente la experiencia subjetiva." }, "ru": { "summary": "Предлагает индекс сложности вызванной стимуляцией ЭЭГ, различавший несколько состояний с сознанием и без него у исследованных участников.", "limitation": "Физиологический индекс не раскрывает субъективный опыт напрямую." }, "de": { "summary": "Stellt einen Index der Komplexität stimulierter EEG-Antworten vor, der mehrere bewusste und unbewusste Zustände bei den untersuchten Personen unterschied.", "limitation": "Ein physiologischer Index zeigt subjektives Erleben nicht unmittelbar." }, "fr": { "summary": "Présente un indice de complexité de l’EEG évoqué par stimulation, distinguant plusieurs conditions conscientes et inconscientes chez les participants étudiés.", "limitation": "Un indice physiologique ne révèle pas directement l’expérience subjective." }, "zh": { "summary": "提出刺激诱发脑电复杂性指标，在所研究参与者中区分了多种有意识与无意识状态。", "limitation": "生理指标不能直接揭示主观体验。" }, "en": { "summary": "Introduces an index of stimulation-evoked EEG complexity that distinguished several conscious and unconscious conditions in the studied participants.", "limitation": "A physiological index does not directly reveal subjective experience." } }, "verified_on": "2026-11-14", "level": "reviewed", "relevance": "direct", "relevance_method": "Editorial screening of title and available abstract; not methodological review", "relevance_reason": "Near-death experiences or dying-brain activity are central" }, { "id": "casarotto-2016-pci-validation", "title": "Stratification of unresponsive patients by an independently validated index of brain complexity", "authors": "Silvia Casarotto et al.", "year": 2016, "doi": "10.1002/ana.24779", "url": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27717082/", "journal": "Annals of Neurology", "area": "neuro", "type": "experiment", "summary_en": "Validated a brain-complexity threshold before identifying some unresponsive patients with values overlapping those measured in conscious benchmark conditions.", "limitation_en": "High complexity cannot independently confirm experience in noncommunicative patients.", "source_language": "en", "verification": "metadata_abstract", "translations": { "es": { "summary": "Validó un umbral de complejidad cerebral e identificó pacientes sin respuesta con valores coincidentes con condiciones conscientes de referencia.", "limitation": "Una complejidad elevada no confirma por sí sola experiencia en pacientes sin comunicación." }, "ru": { "summary": "После проверки порога сложности мозга выявлены некоторые неотвечающие пациенты со значениями, перекрывающими показатели эталонных сознательных состояний.", "limitation": "Высокая сложность сама по себе не подтверждает опыт у пациентов, неспособных общаться." }, "de": { "summary": "Validierte einen Schwellenwert der Hirnkomplexität und identifizierte nicht reagierende Patienten mit Werten im Bereich bewusster Referenzzustände.", "limitation": "Hohe Komplexität allein bestätigt kein Erleben bei nicht kommunizierenden Patienten." }, "fr": { "summary": "Valide un seuil de complexité cérébrale puis identifie certains patients sans réponse dont les valeurs recoupent celles de conditions conscientes de référence.", "limitation": "Une complexité élevée ne confirme pas seule l’expérience chez les patients non communicants." }, "zh": { "summary": "先验证脑复杂性阈值，再发现部分无反应患者的数值与有意识基准状态的范围重叠。", "limitation": "高复杂性本身不能确认无法交流患者的主观体验。" }, "en": { "summary": "Validated a brain-complexity threshold before identifying some unresponsive patients with values overlapping those measured in conscious benchmark conditions.", "limitation": "High complexity cannot independently confirm experience in noncommunicative patients." } }, "verified_on": "2026-11-14", "level": "reviewed", "relevance": "direct", "relevance_method": "Editorial screening of title and available abstract; not methodological review", "relevance_reason": "Consciousness states, mechanisms, or near-death awareness" }, { "id": "cogitate-2025-adversarial", "title": "Adversarial testing of global neuronal workspace and integrated information theories of consciousness", "authors": "Cogitate Consortium; Oscar Ferrante et al.", "year": 2025, "doi": "10.1038/s41586-025-08888-1", "url": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40307561/", "journal": "Nature", "area": "neuro", "type": "experiment", "summary_en": "A preregistered multimodal study in 256 participants challenged selected predictions of global neuronal workspace and integrated information theories.", "limitation_en": "It tests specific visual-consciousness predictions, not every claim of either theory.", "source_language": "en", "verification": "metadata_abstract", "additional_source_ref": "turn8search6", "translations": { "es": { "summary": "Un estudio multimodal prerregistrado con 256 participantes cuestionó predicciones seleccionadas de las teorías del espacio de trabajo neuronal global y la información integrada.", "limitation": "Examina predicciones concretas sobre conciencia visual, no todas las afirmaciones de ambas teorías." }, "ru": { "summary": "Пререгистрированное мультимодальное исследование 256 участников поставило под сомнение отдельные предсказания теорий глобального нейронного рабочего пространства и интегрированной информации.", "limitation": "Проверяются конкретные предсказания о зрительном сознании, а не все положения обеих теорий." }, "de": { "summary": "Eine präregistrierte multimodale Studie mit 256 Personen stellte ausgewählte Vorhersagen der globalen neuronalen Arbeitsraumtheorie und der integrierten Informationstheorie infrage.", "limitation": "Sie prüft bestimmte Vorhersagen zum visuellen Bewusstsein, nicht sämtliche Aussagen beider Theorien." }, "fr": { "summary": "Une étude multimodale préenregistrée auprès de 256 participants remet en question certaines prédictions des théories de l’espace de travail neuronal global et de l’information intégrée.", "limitation": "Elle teste des prédictions précises sur la conscience visuelle, pas toutes les propositions des deux théories." }, "zh": { "summary": "一项涉及256名参与者的预注册多模态研究，对全局神经工作空间理论及整合信息理论的部分预测提出挑战。", "limitation": "研究检验特定视觉意识预测，并非两种理论的全部主张。" }, "en": { "summary": "A preregistered multimodal study in 256 participants challenged selected predictions of global neuronal workspace and integrated information theories.", "limitation": "It tests specific visual-consciousness predictions, not every claim of either theory." } }, "verified_on": "2026-11-14", "level": "reviewed", "relevance": "direct", "relevance_method": "Editorial screening of title and available abstract; not methodological review", "relevance_reason": "Examines conscious experience, its mechanisms, or NDEs." }, { "id": "massimini-2005-sleep", "title": "Breakdown of cortical effective connectivity during sleep", "authors": "Marcello Massimini et al.", "year": 2005, "doi": "10.1126/science.1117256", "url": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16195466/", "journal": "Science", "area": "neuro", "type": "experiment", "summary_en": "Magnetic stimulation and EEG showed that cortical responses during non-REM sleep remained more localized than during quiet wakefulness.", "limitation_en": "These findings do not imply that all sleep lacks conscious experience.", "source_language": "en", "verification": "metadata_abstract", "translations": { "es": { "summary": "La estimulación magnética y el EEG mostraron respuestas corticales más localizadas durante el sueño no REM que durante la vigilia tranquila.", "limitation": "Estos resultados no implican que todo sueño carezca de experiencia consciente." }, "ru": { "summary": "Магнитная стимуляция и ЭЭГ показали более локальные корковые ответы во время медленного сна, чем при спокойном бодрствовании.", "limitation": "Результаты не означают, что любой сон лишён сознательного опыта." }, "de": { "summary": "Magnetstimulation und EEG zeigten stärker örtlich begrenzte kortikale Antworten im Non-REM-Schlaf als im ruhigen Wachzustand.", "limitation": "Die Ergebnisse bedeuten nicht, dass jeder Schlaf ohne bewusstes Erleben ist." }, "fr": { "summary": "La stimulation magnétique et l’EEG montrent des réponses corticales plus localisées pendant le sommeil non paradoxal qu’à l’éveil calme.", "limitation": "Ces résultats n’impliquent pas que tout sommeil soit dépourvu d’expérience consciente." }, "zh": { "summary": "磁刺激与脑电记录显示，非快速眼动睡眠中的皮层反应比安静清醒时更局限于局部。", "limitation": "这些结果并不意味着所有睡眠都没有意识体验。" }, "en": { "summary": "Magnetic stimulation and EEG showed that cortical responses during non-REM sleep remained more localized than during quiet wakefulness.", "limitation": "These findings do not imply that all sleep lacks conscious experience." } }, "verified_on": "2026-11-14", "level": "reviewed", "relevance": "direct", "relevance_method": "Editorial screening of title and available abstract; not methodological review", "relevance_reason": "Near-death experiences or dying-brain activity are central" }, { "id": "sarasso-2015-anesthesia", "title": "Consciousness and Complexity during Unresponsiveness Induced by Propofol, Xenon, and Ketamine", "authors": "Simone Sarasso et al.", "year": 2015, "doi": "10.1016/j.cub.2015.10.014", "url": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26752078/", "journal": "Current Biology", "area": "neuro", "type": "experiment", "summary_en": "During drug-induced unresponsiveness, ketamine preserved more complex cortical responses than propofol or xenon, separating responsiveness from brain complexity.", "limitation_en": "Drug effects and retrospective reports complicate inferences about subjective experience.", "source_language": "en", "verification": "metadata_abstract", "translations": { "es": { "summary": "Durante la falta de respuesta inducida por fármacos, la ketamina preservó respuestas corticales más complejas que el propofol o el xenón.", "limitation": "Los efectos farmacológicos y relatos retrospectivos complican las inferencias sobre experiencia subjetiva." }, "ru": { "summary": "При вызванной препаратами утрате ответных реакций кетамин сохранял более сложные корковые ответы, чем пропофол или ксенон.", "limitation": "Действие препаратов и ретроспективные отчёты осложняют выводы о субъективном опыте." }, "de": { "summary": "Bei medikamentös verursachter Reaktionslosigkeit blieben kortikale Antworten unter Ketamin komplexer als unter Propofol oder Xenon.", "limitation": "Arzneimittelwirkungen und rückblickende Berichte erschweren Rückschlüsse auf subjektives Erleben." }, "fr": { "summary": "Pendant l’absence de réponse induite par médicaments, la kétamine préservait des réponses corticales plus complexes que le propofol ou le xénon.", "limitation": "Les effets pharmacologiques et récits rétrospectifs compliquent les inférences sur l’expérience subjective." }, "zh": { "summary": "在药物诱导的无反应状态下，氯胺酮所保留的皮层反应比丙泊酚或氙气更复杂，表明行为反应与脑复杂性可以分离。", "limitation": "药物作用和回顾性报告使主观体验的推断更复杂。" }, "en": { "summary": "During drug-induced unresponsiveness, ketamine preserved more complex cortical responses than propofol or xenon, separating responsiveness from brain complexity.", "limitation": "Drug effects and retrospective reports complicate inferences about subjective experience." } }, "verified_on": "2026-11-14", "level": "reviewed", "relevance": "direct", "relevance_method": "Editorial screening of title and available abstract; not methodological review", "relevance_reason": "Consciousness states, mechanisms, or near-death awareness" }, { "id": "siclari-2017-dreaming", "title": "The neural correlates of dreaming", "authors": "Francesca Siclari et al.", "year": 2017, "doi": "10.1038/nn.4545", "url": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28394322/", "journal": "Nature Neuroscience", "area": "neuro", "type": "experiment", "summary_en": "High-density EEG associated reported dreams with reduced posterior low-frequency activity, while some faster activity correlated with dream contents.", "limitation_en": "Reports after awakening may confound dreaming with dream recall.", "source_language": "en", "verification": "metadata_abstract", "translations": { "es": { "summary": "El EEG de alta densidad asoció relatos de sueños con menor actividad posterior de baja frecuencia; ciertas actividades rápidas se relacionaron con su contenido.", "limitation": "Los informes al despertar pueden confundir soñar con recordar sueños." }, "ru": { "summary": "ЭЭГ высокой плотности связала сообщения о сновидениях со снижением задней низкочастотной активности; часть быстрой активности коррелировала с содержанием снов.", "limitation": "Отчёты после пробуждения могут смешивать сновидение с его воспоминанием." }, "de": { "summary": "Hochdichtes EEG verband Traumberichte mit geringerer niederfrequenter Aktivität im hinteren Kortex; manche schnelleren Aktivitäten korrelierten mit Trauminhalten.", "limitation": "Berichte nach dem Aufwachen können Träumen und Traumerinnerung vermischen." }, "fr": { "summary": "L’EEG haute densité associe les récits de rêves à une activité postérieure lente réduite; certaines activités rapides correspondent au contenu des rêves.", "limitation": "Les récits au réveil peuvent confondre le rêve et son souvenir." }, "zh": { "summary": "高密度脑电显示，梦境报告与后部低频活动减少有关，部分较快活动则与梦境内容相关。", "limitation": "醒后报告可能混淆做梦本身与对梦的回忆。" }, "en": { "summary": "High-density EEG associated reported dreams with reduced posterior low-frequency activity, while some faster activity correlated with dream contents.", "limitation": "Reports after awakening may confound dreaming with dream recall." } }, "verified_on": "2026-11-14", "level": "reviewed", "relevance": "direct", "relevance_method": "Editorial screening of title and available abstract; not methodological review", "relevance_reason": "Examines conscious experience, its mechanisms, or NDEs." }, { "id": "owen-2006-covert-awareness", "title": "Detecting awareness in the vegetative state", "authors": "Adrian M. Owen et al.", "year": 2006, "doi": "10.1126/science.1130197", "url": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16959998/", "journal": "Science", "area": "neuro", "type": "experiment", "summary_en": "In one behaviorally unresponsive patient, instructed mental imagery produced task-specific brain activity resembling healthy volunteers, revealing covert command-following.", "limitation_en": "A single-patient finding cannot establish awareness in all similarly diagnosed patients.", "source_language": "en", "verification": "metadata_abstract", "translations": { "es": { "summary": "En una paciente sin respuesta conductual, la imaginación guiada produjo actividad cerebral específica similar a voluntarios sanos, revelando seguimiento encubierto de instrucciones.", "limitation": "Un caso no demuestra conciencia en todos los pacientes con diagnóstico similar." }, "ru": { "summary": "У одной пациентки без поведенческих реакций мысленные задания вызывали специфическую мозговую активность, сходную со здоровыми добровольцами, выявляя скрытое выполнение команд.", "limitation": "Один случай не доказывает сознание у всех пациентов с аналогичным диагнозом." }, "de": { "summary": "Bei einer verhaltensmäßig nicht reagierenden Patientin erzeugten angeleitete Vorstellungen aufgabenspezifische Hirnaktivität wie bei gesunden Freiwilligen und zeigten verborgenes Befolgen von Anweisungen.", "limitation": "Ein Einzelfall belegt kein Bewusstsein bei allen ähnlich diagnostizierten Patienten." }, "fr": { "summary": "Chez une patiente sans réponse comportementale, l’imagerie mentale guidée produisait une activité spécifique comparable aux témoins sains, révélant une exécution cachée des consignes.", "limitation": "Un cas unique ne démontre pas la conscience chez tous les patients au diagnostic similaire." }, "zh": { "summary": "一名无行为反应患者在按指令进行心理想象时，出现类似健康志愿者的任务特异性脑活动，揭示隐性的指令遵从。", "limitation": "单病例发现不能证明所有相似诊断患者均有意识。" }, "en": { "summary": "In one behaviorally unresponsive patient, instructed mental imagery produced task-specific brain activity resembling healthy volunteers, revealing covert command-following.", "limitation": "A single-patient finding cannot establish awareness in all similarly diagnosed patients." } }, "verified_on": "2026-11-14", "level": "reviewed", "relevance": "direct", "relevance_method": "Editorial screening of title and available abstract; not methodological review", "relevance_reason": "Near-death experiences or dying-brain activity are central" }, { "id": "boly-2011-feedback", "title": "Preserved feedforward but impaired top-down processes in the vegetative state", "authors": "Melanie Boly et al.", "year": 2011, "doi": "10.1126/science.1202043", "url": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21566197/", "journal": "Science", "area": "neuro", "type": "experiment", "summary_en": "During an auditory task, impaired backward frontal-to-temporal connectivity distinguished the vegetative-state group from controls in the studied sample.", "limitation_en": "Model-dependent connectivity estimates are not universally sufficient markers of consciousness.", "source_language": "en", "verification": "metadata_abstract", "translations": { "es": { "summary": "Durante una tarea auditiva, la conectividad descendente frontotemporal alterada distinguió al grupo en estado vegetativo de los controles estudiados.", "limitation": "Las estimaciones dependen del modelo y no son marcadores universalmente suficientes de conciencia." }, "ru": { "summary": "При слуховом задании нарушение обратной лобно-височной связи отличало группу в вегетативном состоянии от контрольной группы в изученной выборке.", "limitation": "Зависящие от модели оценки связности не являются универсально достаточными маркерами сознания." }, "de": { "summary": "Bei einer Höraufgabe unterschied beeinträchtigte rückwärtsgerichtete frontal-temporale Konnektivität die untersuchte Gruppe im vegetativen Zustand von der Kontrollgruppe.", "limitation": "Modellabhängige Konnektivitätsschätzungen sind keine allgemein hinreichenden Bewusstseinsmarker." }, "fr": { "summary": "Pendant une tâche auditive, une connectivité descendante frontotemporale altérée distinguait le groupe en état végétatif des témoins étudiés.", "limitation": "Les estimations dépendent du modèle et ne constituent pas des marqueurs universellement suffisants de conscience." }, "zh": { "summary": "在所研究样本的听觉任务中，额叶至颞叶的反馈连接受损将植物状态组与对照组区分开来。", "limitation": "依赖模型的连接性估计不是普遍充分的意识标志。" }, "en": { "summary": "During an auditory task, impaired backward frontal-to-temporal connectivity distinguished the vegetative-state group from controls in the studied sample.", "limitation": "Model-dependent connectivity estimates are not universally sufficient markers of consciousness." } }, "verified_on": "2026-11-14", "level": "reviewed", "relevance": "direct", "relevance_method": "Editorial screening of title and available abstract; not methodological review", "relevance_reason": "Consciousness states, mechanisms, or near-death awareness" }, { "area": "ecm", "source_language": "en", "verification": "metadata_abstract", "id": "van-lommel-2001", "title": "Near-death experience in survivors of cardiac arrest: a prospective study in the Netherlands", "authors": "Pim van Lommel et al.", "year": 2001, "doi": "10.1016/S0140-6736(01)07100-8", "url": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11755611/", "journal": "The Lancet", "type": "experiment", "summary_en": "Interviews with 344 cardiac-arrest survivors examined near-death experiences and subsequent attitude changes.", "limitation_en": "Recalled experiences cannot establish their timing or independence from brain activity.", "translations": { "es": { "summary": "Entrevistas a 344 supervivientes de parada cardíaca examinaron experiencias cercanas a la muerte y cambios posteriores de actitud.", "limitation": "Los recuerdos no permiten determinar cuándo ocurrieron ni su independencia de la actividad cerebral." }, "ru": { "summary": "Интервью с 344 выжившими после остановки сердца изучали околосмертные переживания и последующие изменения взглядов.", "limitation": "Воспоминания не устанавливают время переживаний или их независимость от мозговой активности." }, "de": { "summary": "Interviews mit 344 Überlebenden eines Herzstillstands untersuchten Nahtoderfahrungen und spätere Einstellungsänderungen.", "limitation": "Erinnerungen belegen weder den Zeitpunkt noch eine Unabhängigkeit von Hirnaktivität." }, "fr": { "summary": "Des entretiens avec 344 survivants d’un arrêt cardiaque ont étudié les expériences de mort imminente et les changements d’attitude ultérieurs.", "limitation": "Les souvenirs n’établissent ni leur moment ni leur indépendance de l’activité cérébrale." }, "zh": { "summary": "对344名心脏骤停幸存者的访谈研究了濒死体验及后续态度变化。", "limitation": "回忆无法确定体验发生的时间，也不能证明其独立于脑活动。" }, "en": { "summary": "Interviews with 344 cardiac-arrest survivors examined near-death experiences and subsequent attitude changes.", "limitation": "Recalled experiences cannot establish their timing or independence from brain activity." } }, "verified_on": "2026-11-14", "level": "reviewed", "relevance": "direct", "relevance_method": "Editorial screening of title and available abstract; not methodological review", "relevance_reason": "Examines conscious experience, its mechanisms, or NDEs." }, { "area": "ecm", "source_language": "en", "verification": "metadata_abstract", "id": "parnia-2001", "title": "A qualitative and quantitative study of the incidence, features and aetiology of near death experiences in cardiac arrest survivors", "authors": "Sam Parnia et al.", "year": 2001, "doi": "10.1016/s0300-9572(00)00328-2", "url": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11426476/", "journal": "Resuscitation", "type": "experiment", "summary_en": "Interviews with 63 cardiac-arrest survivors explored memories, experience features and physiological associations.", "limitation_en": "Few reported experiences, limiting statistical conclusions and physiological interpretation.", "translations": { "es": { "summary": "Entrevistas a 63 supervivientes de parada cardíaca exploraron recuerdos, características de las experiencias y asociaciones fisiológicas.", "limitation": "Pocos relataron experiencias, lo que limita las conclusiones estadísticas y fisiológicas." }, "ru": { "summary": "Интервью с 63 выжившими после остановки сердца изучали воспоминания, особенности переживаний и физиологические связи.", "limitation": "Небольшое число сообщений ограничивает статистические выводы и физиологическую интерпретацию." }, "de": { "summary": "Interviews mit 63 Überlebenden eines Herzstillstands untersuchten Erinnerungen, Erlebnismerkmale und physiologische Zusammenhänge.", "limitation": "Wenige Erlebnisberichte begrenzen statistische Schlussfolgerungen und physiologische Deutungen." }, "fr": { "summary": "Des entretiens avec 63 survivants d’un arrêt cardiaque ont exploré les souvenirs, leurs caractéristiques et leurs associations physiologiques.", "limitation": "Le faible nombre de récits limite les conclusions statistiques et physiologiques." }, "zh": { "summary": "对63名心脏骤停幸存者的访谈探讨了记忆、体验特征及生理关联。", "limitation": "报告体验的人数较少，限制了统计结论和生理解释。" }, "en": { "summary": "Interviews with 63 cardiac-arrest survivors explored memories, experience features and physiological associations.", "limitation": "Few reported experiences, limiting statistical conclusions and physiological interpretation." } }, "verified_on": "2026-11-14", "level": "reviewed", "relevance": "direct", "relevance_method": "Editorial screening of title and available abstract; not methodological review", "relevance_reason": "Near-death experiences or dying-brain activity are central" }, { "area": "ecm", "source_language": "en", "verification": "metadata_abstract", "id": "aware-2014", "title": "AWARE-AWAreness during REsuscitation-a prospective study", "authors": "Sam Parnia et al.", "year": 2014, "doi": "10.1016/j.resuscitation.2014.09.004", "url": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25301715/", "journal": "Resuscitation", "type": "experiment", "summary_en": "This multicentre study examined memories after cardiac arrest, with 140 initial and 101 detailed survivor interviews.", "limitation_en": "Survivor selection and few awareness reports limit generalization.", "translations": { "es": { "summary": "Este estudio multicéntrico examinó recuerdos tras una parada cardíaca, con 140 entrevistas iniciales y 101 detalladas.", "limitation": "La selección de supervivientes y los escasos relatos de consciencia limitan la generalización." }, "ru": { "summary": "Многоцентровое исследование изучало воспоминания после остановки сердца: 140 первичных и 101 подробное интервью.", "limitation": "Отбор выживших и редкие сообщения об осознании ограничивают обобщение." }, "de": { "summary": "Diese multizentrische Studie untersuchte Erinnerungen nach Herzstillstand mittels 140 Erstinterviews und 101 ausführlichen Interviews.", "limitation": "Die Auswahl Überlebender und wenige Bewusstseinsberichte begrenzen die Verallgemeinerung." }, "fr": { "summary": "Cette étude multicentrique a exploré les souvenirs après arrêt cardiaque, avec 140 entretiens initiaux et 101 approfondis.", "limitation": "La sélection des survivants et les rares récits de conscience limitent la généralisation." }, "zh": { "summary": "这项多中心研究通过140次初步访谈和101次详细访谈，研究心脏骤停后的记忆。", "limitation": "幸存者选择及少量意识报告限制了结果的推广。" }, "en": { "summary": "This multicentre study examined memories after cardiac arrest, with 140 initial and 101 detailed survivor interviews.", "limitation": "Survivor selection and few awareness reports limit generalization." } }, "verified_on": "2026-11-14", "level": "reviewed", "relevance": "direct", "relevance_method": "Editorial screening of title and available abstract; not methodological review", "relevance_reason": "Consciousness states, mechanisms, or near-death awareness" }, { "area": "ecm", "source_language": "en", "verification": "metadata_abstract", "id": "aware-ii-2023", "title": "AWAreness during REsuscitation - II: A multi-center study of consciousness and awareness in cardiac arrest", "authors": "Sam Parnia et al.", "year": 2023, "doi": "10.1016/j.resuscitation.2023.109903", "url": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37423492/", "journal": "Resuscitation", "type": "experiment", "summary_en": "Interviews and physiological monitoring explored awareness during resuscitation; none of 28 interviewed survivors identified the visual target.", "limitation_en": "Small survivor samples cannot establish consciousness after irreversible death.", "translations": { "es": { "summary": "Entrevistas y monitorización fisiológica exploraron la consciencia durante la reanimación; ninguno de los 28 entrevistados identificó el objetivo visual.", "limitation": "Las pequeñas muestras de supervivientes no demuestran consciencia tras la muerte irreversible." }, "ru": { "summary": "Интервью и физиологический мониторинг изучали осознание при реанимации; никто из 28 опрошенных не опознал зрительную мишень.", "limitation": "Малые выборки выживших не доказывают сознание после необратимой смерти." }, "de": { "summary": "Interviews und physiologische Überwachung untersuchten Bewusstsein während der Reanimation; keiner der 28 Befragten erkannte das visuelle Ziel.", "limitation": "Kleine Überlebendenstichproben belegen kein Bewusstsein nach irreversiblem Tod." }, "fr": { "summary": "Entretiens et surveillance physiologique ont exploré la conscience durant la réanimation ; aucun des 28 survivants interrogés n’a identifié la cible visuelle.", "limitation": "De petits échantillons ne démontrent pas une conscience après la mort irréversible." }, "zh": { "summary": "访谈和生理监测探讨了复苏期间的意识；28名受访幸存者均未识别视觉目标。", "limitation": "小规模幸存者样本不能证明不可逆死亡后仍存在意识。" }, "en": { "summary": "Interviews and physiological monitoring explored awareness during resuscitation; none of 28 interviewed survivors identified the visual target.", "limitation": "Small survivor samples cannot establish consciousness after irreversible death." } }, "verified_on": "2026-11-14", "level": "reviewed", "relevance": "direct", "relevance_method": "Editorial screening of title and available abstract; not methodological review", "relevance_reason": "Examines conscious experience, its mechanisms, or NDEs." }, { "area": "ecm", "source_language": "en", "verification": "metadata_abstract", "id": "borjigin-2013", "title": "Surge of neurophysiological coherence and connectivity in the dying brain", "authors": "Jimo Borjigin et al.", "year": 2013, "doi": "10.1073/pnas.1308285110", "url": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23940340/", "journal": "Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences", "type": "experiment", "summary_en": "Rat EEG showed briefly increased gamma coordination and connectivity after experimental cardiac arrest.", "limitation_en": "Animal neural signals do not directly demonstrate subjective experience.", "translations": { "es": { "summary": "El EEG de ratas mostró un breve aumento de coordinación gamma y conectividad tras una parada cardíaca experimental.", "limitation": "Las señales neuronales animales no demuestran directamente experiencias subjetivas." }, "ru": { "summary": "ЭЭГ крыс показала кратковременный рост гамма-синхронизации и связности после экспериментальной остановки сердца.", "limitation": "Нейронные сигналы животных напрямую не доказывают субъективные переживания." }, "de": { "summary": "Ratten-EEG zeigte kurzzeitig erhöhte Gamma-Koordination und Konnektivität nach experimentellem Herzstillstand.", "limitation": "Tierische Nervensignale belegen subjektives Erleben nicht unmittelbar." }, "fr": { "summary": "L’EEG de rats a montré une brève hausse de coordination gamma et de connectivité après un arrêt cardiaque expérimental.", "limitation": "Les signaux neuronaux animaux ne démontrent pas directement une expérience subjective." }, "zh": { "summary": "大鼠脑电图显示，实验性心脏骤停后伽马活动协调性及连接性短暂增强。", "limitation": "动物神经信号不能直接证明主观体验。" }, "en": { "summary": "Rat EEG showed briefly increased gamma coordination and connectivity after experimental cardiac arrest.", "limitation": "Animal neural signals do not directly demonstrate subjective experience." } }, "verified_on": "2026-11-14", "level": "reviewed", "relevance": "direct", "relevance_method": "Editorial screening of title and available abstract; not methodological review", "relevance_reason": "Near-death experiences or dying-brain activity are central" }, { "area": "ecm", "source_language": "en", "verification": "metadata_abstract", "id": "vicente-2022", "title": "Enhanced Interplay of Neuronal Coherence and Coupling in the Dying Human Brain", "authors": "Raul Vicente et al.", "year": 2022, "doi": "10.3389/fnagi.2022.813531", "url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8902637/", "journal": "Frontiers in Aging Neuroscience", "type": "experiment", "summary_en": "EEG recorded gamma activity and coupling changes around cardiac arrest in one brain-injured patient.", "limitation_en": "A single injured brain cannot establish conscious experience.", "translations": { "es": { "summary": "El EEG registró cambios de actividad gamma y acoplamiento alrededor de la parada cardíaca de un paciente con lesión cerebral.", "limitation": "Un solo cerebro lesionado no permite demostrar una experiencia consciente." }, "ru": { "summary": "ЭЭГ выявила изменения гамма-активности и сопряжения около остановки сердца у пациента с травмой мозга.", "limitation": "Один случай повреждения мозга не устанавливает сознательное переживание." }, "de": { "summary": "Das EEG zeigte Änderungen der Gamma-Aktivität und Kopplung um den Herzstillstand eines hirnverletzten Patienten.", "limitation": "Ein einzelnes verletztes Gehirn belegt kein bewusstes Erleben." }, "fr": { "summary": "L’EEG a enregistré des changements d’activité gamma et de couplage autour de l’arrêt cardiaque d’un patient cérébrolésé.", "limitation": "Un seul cerveau lésé ne permet pas d’établir une expérience consciente." }, "zh": { "summary": "一名脑损伤患者的脑电图记录到心脏骤停前后的伽马活动及耦合变化。", "limitation": "单例脑损伤患者的数据不能确定存在意识体验。" }, "en": { "summary": "EEG recorded gamma activity and coupling changes around cardiac arrest in one brain-injured patient.", "limitation": "A single injured brain cannot establish conscious experience." } }, "verified_on": "2026-11-14", "level": "reviewed", "relevance": "direct", "relevance_method": "Editorial screening of title and available abstract; not methodological review", "relevance_reason": "Consciousness states, mechanisms, or near-death awareness" }, { "area": "ecm", "source_language": "en", "verification": "metadata_abstract", "id": "xu-2023", "title": "Surge of neurophysiological coupling and connectivity of gamma oscillations in the dying human brain", "authors": "Gang Xu et al.", "year": 2023, "doi": "10.1073/pnas.2216268120", "url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10175832/", "journal": "Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences", "type": "experiment", "summary_en": "Two of four dying patients showed increased gamma activity and connectivity after ventilatory support withdrawal.", "limitation_en": "No subjective reports linked these signals to conscious awareness.", "translations": { "es": { "summary": "Dos de cuatro pacientes moribundos mostraron mayor actividad gamma y conectividad tras retirar el soporte ventilatorio.", "limitation": "Ningún relato subjetivo vinculó estas señales con la consciencia." }, "ru": { "summary": "У двух из четырёх умирающих пациентов после отключения вентиляции усилились гамма-активность и связность.", "limitation": "Субъективных сообщений, связывающих эти сигналы с сознанием, не было." }, "de": { "summary": "Zwei von vier sterbenden Patienten zeigten erhöhte Gamma-Aktivität und Konnektivität nach Beendigung der Beatmung.", "limitation": "Keine subjektiven Berichte verknüpften diese Signale mit bewusstem Erleben." }, "fr": { "summary": "Deux des quatre patients mourants ont montré une hausse d’activité gamma et de connectivité après l’arrêt de la ventilation.", "limitation": "Aucun récit subjectif ne reliait ces signaux à une expérience consciente." }, "zh": { "summary": "四名临终患者中，两名在撤除呼吸支持后出现伽马活动及连接性增强。", "limitation": "没有主观报告将这些信号与意识体验联系起来。" }, "en": { "summary": "Two of four dying patients showed increased gamma activity and connectivity after ventilatory support withdrawal.", "limitation": "No subjective reports linked these signals to conscious awareness." } }, "verified_on": "2026-11-14", "level": "reviewed", "relevance": "direct", "relevance_method": "Editorial screening of title and available abstract; not methodological review", "relevance_reason": "Examines conscious experience, its mechanisms, or NDEs." }, { "area": "ecm", "source_language": "en", "verification": "metadata_abstract", "id": "olaussen-2015", "title": "Return of consciousness during ongoing cardiopulmonary resuscitation: A systematic review", "authors": "Alexander Olaussen et al.", "year": 2015, "doi": "10.1016/j.resuscitation.2014.10.017", "url": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25447435/", "journal": "Resuscitation", "type": "review", "summary_en": "This systematic review gathered reports of signs of consciousness during ongoing cardiopulmonary resuscitation.", "limitation_en": "Responsiveness during CPR is not evidence of consciousness after irreversible death.", "translations": { "es": { "summary": "Esta revisión sistemática reunió relatos de signos de consciencia durante la reanimación cardiopulmonar en curso.", "limitation": "Responder durante la RCP no demuestra consciencia tras la muerte irreversible." }, "ru": { "summary": "Систематический обзор собрал сообщения о признаках сознания во время продолжающейся сердечно-лёгочной реанимации.", "limitation": "Реакции при реанимации не доказывают сознание после необратимой смерти." }, "de": { "summary": "Diese systematische Übersicht sammelte Berichte über Bewusstseinszeichen während laufender Herz-Lungen-Wiederbelebung.", "limitation": "Reaktionsfähigkeit während Reanimation belegt kein Bewusstsein nach irreversiblem Tod." }, "fr": { "summary": "Cette revue systématique a rassemblé des rapports de signes de conscience pendant une réanimation cardiopulmonaire en cours.", "limitation": "Réagir pendant la réanimation ne prouve pas une conscience après la mort irréversible." }, "zh": { "summary": "这篇系统综述汇集了持续心肺复苏期间出现意识迹象的报告。", "limitation": "心肺复苏期间能够反应，并不证明不可逆死亡后仍存在意识。" }, "en": { "summary": "This systematic review gathered reports of signs of consciousness during ongoing cardiopulmonary resuscitation.", "limitation": "Responsiveness during CPR is not evidence of consciousness after irreversible death." } }, "verified_on": "2026-11-14", "level": "reviewed", "relevance": "direct", "relevance_method": "Editorial screening of title and available abstract; not methodological review", "relevance_reason": "Near-death experiences or dying-brain activity are central" }, { "area": "ecm", "source_language": "en", "verification": "metadata_abstract", "id": "mashour-2024", "title": "Consciousness and the Dying Brain", "authors": "George A. Mashour et al.", "year": 2024, "doi": "10.1097/ALN.0000000000004970", "url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11096058/", "journal": "Anesthesiology", "type": "review", "summary_en": "This review connects near-death reports with research on electrical activity and connectivity around cardiac or respiratory arrest.", "limitation_en": "Candidate neural correlates do not establish subjective experience.", "translations": { "es": { "summary": "Esta revisión relaciona relatos de experiencias cercanas a la muerte con investigaciones de actividad eléctrica y conectividad alrededor de paradas cardiorrespiratorias.", "limitation": "Los posibles correlatos neuronales no demuestran experiencias subjetivas." }, "ru": { "summary": "Обзор связывает околосмертные рассказы с исследованиями электрической активности и связности около остановки сердца или дыхания.", "limitation": "Предполагаемые нейронные корреляты не устанавливают субъективное переживание." }, "de": { "summary": "Diese Übersicht verbindet Nahtodberichte mit Forschung zu elektrischer Aktivität und Konnektivität bei Herz- oder Atemstillstand.", "limitation": "Mögliche neuronale Korrelate belegen kein subjektives Erleben." }, "fr": { "summary": "Cette revue relie les récits de mort imminente aux recherches sur l’activité électrique et la connectivité autour d’arrêts cardiaques ou respiratoires.", "limitation": "Les corrélats neuronaux possibles n’établissent pas une expérience subjective." }, "zh": { "summary": "这篇综述将濒死体验报告与心脏或呼吸停止前后的电活动及连接性研究联系起来。", "limitation": "候选神经相关指标不能确定主观体验。" }, "en": { "summary": "This review connects near-death reports with research on electrical activity and connectivity around cardiac or respiratory arrest.", "limitation": "Candidate neural correlates do not establish subjective experience." } }, "verified_on": "2026-11-14", "level": "reviewed", "relevance": "direct", "relevance_method": "Editorial screening of title and available abstract; not methodological review", "relevance_reason": "Consciousness states, mechanisms, or near-death awareness" }, { "area": "ecm", "source_language": "en", "verification": "metadata_abstract", "id": "kovoor-2024", "title": "Near-death experiences after cardiac arrest: a scoping review", "authors": "Joshua G. Kovoor et al.", "year": 2024, "doi": "10.1007/s44192-024-00072-7", "url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11133272/", "journal": "Discover Mental Health", "type": "review", "summary_en": "This scoping review mapped prospective studies, finding varied experience frequencies and assessment methods.", "limitation_en": "Heterogeneity and recall bias limited comparison and prevented meta-analysis.", "translations": { "es": { "summary": "Esta revisión de alcance identificó estudios prospectivos con frecuencias de experiencias y métodos de evaluación diversos.", "limitation": "La heterogeneidad y el sesgo de recuerdo limitaron la comparación e impidieron un metaanálisis." }, "ru": { "summary": "Обзор охвата сопоставил проспективные исследования с различной частотой переживаний и методами оценки.", "limitation": "Неоднородность и ошибки воспоминаний ограничили сравнение и исключили метаанализ." }, "de": { "summary": "Diese Scoping-Übersicht erfasste prospektive Studien mit unterschiedlichen Erfahrungshäufigkeiten und Bewertungsmethoden.", "limitation": "Heterogenität und Erinnerungsverzerrungen begrenzten Vergleiche und verhinderten eine Metaanalyse." }, "fr": { "summary": "Cette revue de portée a recensé des études prospectives avec des fréquences d’expériences et des méthodes d’évaluation variées.", "limitation": "L’hétérogénéité et les biais de mémoire ont limité les comparaisons et empêché une méta-analyse." }, "zh": { "summary": "这篇范围综述梳理了前瞻性研究，发现体验报告频率和评估方法存在差异。", "limitation": "异质性和回忆偏差限制了比较，也使荟萃分析无法进行。" }, "en": { "summary": "This scoping review mapped prospective studies, finding varied experience frequencies and assessment methods.", "limitation": "Heterogeneity and recall bias limited comparison and prevented meta-analysis." } }, "verified_on": "2026-11-14", "level": "reviewed", "relevance": "direct", "relevance_method": "Editorial screening of title and available abstract; not methodological review", "relevance_reason": "Examines conscious experience, its mechanisms, or NDEs." }, { "id": "montagnier-2009", "title": "Electromagnetic signals are produced by aqueous nanostructures derived from bacterial DNA sequences", "authors": "Luc Montagnier et al.", "year": 2009, "doi": "10.1007/s12539-009-0036-7", "url": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20640822/", "area": "fields", "type": "experiment", "summary_en": "The authors report electromagnetic signals in diluted bacterial DNA preparations and propose a resonance mechanism.", "limitation_en": "Independent replication is not established by this abstract.", "source_language": "en", "journal": "Interdisciplinary Sciences: Computational Life Sciences", "verification": "metadata_abstract", "verified_date": "2026-11-14", "translations": { "es": { "summary": "Los autores describen señales electromagnéticas en preparaciones diluidas de ADN bacteriano y proponen un mecanismo de resonancia.", "limitation": "El resumen no acredita una replicación independiente." }, "ru": { "summary": "Авторы сообщают об электромагнитных сигналах в разбавленных препаратах бактериальной ДНК и предлагают резонансный механизм.", "limitation": "Аннотация не подтверждает независимое воспроизведение результатов." }, "de": { "summary": "Die Autoren berichten elektromagnetische Signale in verdünnten bakteriellen DNA-Präparaten und schlagen einen Resonanzmechanismus vor.", "limitation": "Die Zusammenfassung belegt keine unabhängige Replikation." }, "fr": { "summary": "Les auteurs rapportent des signaux électromagnétiques dans des préparations diluées d’ADN bactérien et proposent un mécanisme de résonance.", "limitation": "Le résumé n’établit pas de réplication indépendante." }, "zh": { "summary": "作者报告在稀释的细菌DNA制备物中检测到电磁信号，并提出共振机制。", "limitation": "该摘要未证实结果已获独立重复验证。" }, "en": { "summary": "The authors report electromagnetic signals in diluted bacterial DNA preparations and propose a resonance mechanism.", "limitation": "Independent replication is not established by this abstract." } }, "verified_on": "2026-11-14", "level": "reviewed", "relevance": "context", "relevance_method": "Editorial screening of title and available abstract; not methodological review", "relevance_reason": "DNA electromagnetic signaling; indirect biophysical background" }, { "id": "popp-1984", "title": "Biophoton emission. New evidence for coherence and DNA as source", "authors": "F. A. Popp et al.", "year": 1984, "doi": "10.1007/BF02788579", "url": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/6204761/", "area": "bio", "type": "experiment", "summary_en": "Cellular photon measurements were interpreted by the authors as evidence for coherence and a contribution from DNA.", "limitation_en": "A 2015 critical review challenges the coherence interpretation.", "source_language": "en", "journal": "Cell Biophysics", "verification": "metadata_abstract", "verified_date": "2026-11-14", "translations": { "es": { "summary": "Los autores interpretaron mediciones de fotones celulares como indicios de coherencia y de una contribución del ADN.", "limitation": "Una revisión crítica de 2015 cuestiona esa interpretación de coherencia." }, "ru": { "summary": "Авторы интерпретировали измерения клеточных фотонов как свидетельство когерентности и участия ДНК.", "limitation": "Критический обзор 2015 года оспаривает вывод о когерентности." }, "de": { "summary": "Die Autoren deuteten zelluläre Photonenmessungen als Hinweise auf Kohärenz und einen Beitrag der DNA.", "limitation": "Ein kritischer Review von 2015 hinterfragt die Kohärenzdeutung." }, "fr": { "summary": "Les auteurs interprètent des mesures de photons cellulaires comme des indices de cohérence et d’une contribution de l’ADN.", "limitation": "Une revue critique de 2015 conteste cette interprétation." }, "zh": { "summary": "作者将细胞光子测量结果解释为相干性及DNA参与发光的证据。", "limitation": "2015年的批判性综述质疑了相干性解释。" }, "en": { "summary": "Cellular photon measurements were interpreted by the authors as evidence for coherence and a contribution from DNA.", "limitation": "A 2015 critical review challenges the coherence interpretation." } }, "verified_on": "2026-11-14", "level": "reviewed", "relevance": "context", "relevance_method": "Editorial screening of title and available abstract; not methodological review", "relevance_reason": "Biophoton coherence; no consciousness question tested" }, { "id": "ruth-popp-1976", "title": "[Experimental investigations on ultraweak photonemission form biological systems (author's transl)]", "authors": "B. Ruth and F. A. Popp", "year": 1976, "doi": null, "url": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/138296/", "area": "bio", "type": "experiment", "summary_en": "Measurements detected faint photon emission from yeast and seedlings, including changes after chemical treatment.", "limitation_en": "Light emission alone does not demonstrate communication or consciousness.", "source_language": "de", "journal": "Zeitschrift für Naturforschung C", "verification": "metadata_abstract", "verified_date": "2026-11-14", "translations": { "es": { "summary": "Las mediciones detectaron emisión tenue de fotones en levaduras y plántulas, con cambios tras tratamientos químicos.", "limitation": "La emisión luminosa no demuestra por sí sola comunicación ni conciencia." }, "ru": { "summary": "Измерения выявили слабое излучение фотонов у дрожжей и проростков, меняющееся после химической обработки.", "limitation": "Само свечение не доказывает наличие коммуникации или сознания." }, "de": { "summary": "Messungen zeigten schwache Photonenemission bei Hefen und Keimlingen sowie Veränderungen nach chemischer Behandlung.", "limitation": "Lichtemission allein belegt weder Kommunikation noch Bewusstsein." }, "fr": { "summary": "Les mesures détectent une faible émission de photons chez des levures et des plantules, modifiée par des traitements chimiques.", "limitation": "L’émission lumineuse seule ne démontre ni communication ni conscience." }, "zh": { "summary": "测量发现酵母和幼苗发出微弱光子，且化学处理后发光有所变化。", "limitation": "发光本身不能证明存在信息交流或意识。" }, "en": { "summary": "Measurements detected faint photon emission from yeast and seedlings, including changes after chemical treatment.", "limitation": "Light emission alone does not demonstrate communication or consciousness." } }, "indexed_title_en": "[Experimental investigations on ultraweak photonemission form biological systems (author's transl)]", "verified_on": "2026-11-14", "level": "reviewed", "relevance": "context", "relevance_method": "Editorial screening of title and available abstract; not methodological review", "relevance_reason": "Biophoton research; does not directly study consciousness." }, { "id": "slawinski-2005", "title": "Photon emission from perturbed and dying organisms: biomedical perspectives", "authors": "Janusz Slawinski", "year": 2005, "doi": "10.1159/000083971", "url": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15947467/", "area": "bio", "type": "review", "summary_en": "This review relates biological photon emission to metabolism, physiological stress and biochemical excitation processes.", "limitation_en": "It does not demonstrate consciousness surviving death.", "source_language": "en", "journal": "Forschende Komplementärmedizin und Klassische Naturheilkunde", "verification": "metadata_abstract", "verified_date": "2026-11-14", "translations": { "es": { "summary": "Esta revisión relaciona la emisión biológica de fotones con el metabolismo, el estrés fisiológico y la excitación bioquímica.", "limitation": "No demuestra que la conciencia sobreviva a la muerte." }, "ru": { "summary": "Обзор связывает биологическое излучение фотонов с метаболизмом, физиологическим стрессом и биохимическим возбуждением.", "limitation": "Он не доказывает сохранение сознания после смерти." }, "de": { "summary": "Der Review verbindet biologische Photonenemission mit Stoffwechsel, physiologischem Stress und biochemischen Anregungsprozessen.", "limitation": "Er belegt kein Fortbestehen des Bewusstseins nach dem Tod." }, "fr": { "summary": "Cette revue relie l’émission biologique de photons au métabolisme, au stress physiologique et à l’excitation biochimique.", "limitation": "Elle ne démontre pas une survie de la conscience." }, "zh": { "summary": "该综述将生物光子发射与代谢、生理应激及生化激发过程联系起来。", "limitation": "它并未证明意识在死亡后仍然存在。" }, "en": { "summary": "This review relates biological photon emission to metabolism, physiological stress and biochemical excitation processes.", "limitation": "It does not demonstrate consciousness surviving death." } }, "verified_on": "2026-11-14", "level": "reviewed", "relevance": "context", "relevance_method": "Editorial screening of title and available abstract; not methodological review", "relevance_reason": "Dying-organism photon emission; no awareness measurement" }, { "id": "cifra-pospisil-2014", "title": "Ultra-weak photon emission from biological samples: definition, mechanisms, properties, detection and applications", "authors": "Michal Cifra and Pavel Pospíšil", "year": 2014, "doi": "10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2014.02.009", "url": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24726298/", "area": "bio", "type": "review", "summary_en": "The review explains oxidative sources of cellular light and surveys detection methods and physiological monitoring applications.", "limitation_en": "Emission evidence does not establish optical communication or conscious experience.", "source_language": "en", "journal": "Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology B: Biology", "verification": "metadata_abstract", "verified_date": "2026-11-14", "translations": { "es": { "summary": "La revisión explica fuentes oxidativas de luz celular y examina detectores y aplicaciones de seguimiento fisiológico.", "limitation": "La emisión no demuestra comunicación óptica ni experiencia consciente." }, "ru": { "summary": "Обзор объясняет окислительные источники клеточного свечения и рассматривает методы регистрации и физиологического мониторинга.", "limitation": "Излучение не доказывает оптическую коммуникацию или сознательный опыт." }, "de": { "summary": "Der Review erklärt oxidative Quellen zellulären Lichts und untersucht Nachweisverfahren sowie physiologische Überwachungsanwendungen.", "limitation": "Emission belegt weder optische Kommunikation noch bewusstes Erleben." }, "fr": { "summary": "La revue explique les sources oxydatives de lumière cellulaire et examine les méthodes de détection et de suivi physiologique.", "limitation": "L’émission ne prouve ni communication optique ni expérience consciente." }, "zh": { "summary": "该综述解释细胞发光的氧化来源，并概述检测方法及生理监测应用。", "limitation": "发光证据并不能确立光学通信或意识体验。" }, "en": { "summary": "The review explains oxidative sources of cellular light and surveys detection methods and physiological monitoring applications.", "limitation": "Emission evidence does not establish optical communication or conscious experience." } }, "verified_on": "2026-11-14", "level": "reviewed", "relevance": "context", "relevance_method": "Editorial screening of title and available abstract; not methodological review", "relevance_reason": "General biophoton mechanisms; supporting background only" }, { "id": "cifra-coherence-2015", "title": "Biophotons, coherence and photocount statistics: A critical review", "authors": "Michal Cifra et al.", "year": 2015, "doi": "10.1016/j.jlumin.2015.03.020", "url": "https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0022231315001568", "area": "bio", "type": "review", "summary_en": "This critical review finds biological light emission established, but reliable evidence for coherence or nonclassical photon statistics lacking.", "limitation_en": "The assessment covers literature available in 2015.", "source_language": "en", "journal": "Journal of Luminescence", "verification": "metadata_abstract", "verified_date": "2026-11-14", "translations": { "es": { "summary": "La revisión considera establecida la emisión biológica, pero insuficientes las pruebas fiables de coherencia o estadísticas fotónicas no clásicas.", "limitation": "La evaluación abarca la literatura disponible en 2015." }, "ru": { "summary": "Обзор признаёт биологическое свечение установленным, но не находит надёжных доказательств когерентности или неклассической статистики фотонов.", "limitation": "Оценка охватывает литературу, доступную в 2015 году." }, "de": { "summary": "Der Review bestätigt biologische Lichtemission, findet aber keine verlässlichen Belege für Kohärenz oder nichtklassische Photonenstatistik.", "limitation": "Die Bewertung umfasst die bis 2015 verfügbare Literatur." }, "fr": { "summary": "Cette revue établit l’émission biologique, mais relève l’absence de preuves fiables de cohérence ou de statistiques photoniques non classiques.", "limitation": "L’évaluation porte sur les publications disponibles en 2015." }, "zh": { "summary": "这篇批判性综述认为生物发光已获证实，但相干性或非经典光子统计缺乏可靠证据。", "limitation": "评估范围限于2015年之前可获得的文献。" }, "en": { "summary": "This critical review finds biological light emission established, but reliable evidence for coherence or nonclassical photon statistics lacking.", "limitation": "The assessment covers literature available in 2015." } }, "verified_on": "2026-11-14", "level": "reviewed", "relevance": "context", "relevance_method": "Editorial screening of title and available abstract; not methodological review", "relevance_reason": "Biophoton research; does not directly study consciousness." }, { "id": "mcfadden-cemi-2020", "title": "Integrating information in the brain's EM field: the cemi field theory of consciousness", "authors": "Johnjoe McFadden", "year": 2020, "doi": "10.1093/nc/niaa016", "url": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32995043/", "area": "fields", "type": "theory", "summary_en": "The cemi model proposes consciousness as information integrated in the brain’s electromagnetic field and outlines testable predictions.", "limitation_en": "A theoretical proposal is not conclusive experimental confirmation.", "source_language": "en", "journal": "Neuroscience of Consciousness", "verification": "metadata_abstract", "verified_date": "2026-11-14", "translations": { "es": { "summary": "El modelo cemi propone que la conciencia integra información en el campo electromagnético cerebral y plantea predicciones comprobables.", "limitation": "Una propuesta teórica no constituye confirmación experimental concluyente." }, "ru": { "summary": "Модель cemi предполагает интеграцию сознательной информации в электромагнитном поле мозга и формулирует проверяемые предсказания.", "limitation": "Теоретическое предложение не является окончательным экспериментальным подтверждением." }, "de": { "summary": "Das cemi-Modell beschreibt Bewusstsein als im elektromagnetischen Gehirnfeld integrierte Information und formuliert überprüfbare Vorhersagen.", "limitation": "Ein theoretischer Vorschlag ist keine abschließende experimentelle Bestätigung." }, "fr": { "summary": "Le modèle cemi propose une conscience intégrant l’information dans le champ électromagnétique cérébral et formule des prédictions testables.", "limitation": "Une proposition théorique ne constitue pas une confirmation expérimentale définitive." }, "zh": { "summary": "cemi模型提出，意识是整合于脑电磁场中的信息，并给出可检验的预测。", "limitation": "理论提案并非决定性的实验证实。" }, "en": { "summary": "The cemi model proposes consciousness as information integrated in the brain’s electromagnetic field and outlines testable predictions.", "limitation": "A theoretical proposal is not conclusive experimental confirmation." } }, "verified_on": "2026-11-14", "level": "reviewed", "relevance": "direct", "relevance_method": "Editorial screening of title and available abstract; not methodological review", "relevance_reason": "Near-death experiences or dying-brain activity are central" }, { "id": "mcfadden-emf-2023", "title": "Consciousness: Matter or EMF?", "authors": "Johnjoe McFadden", "year": 2023, "doi": "10.3389/fnhum.2022.1024934", "url": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36741784/", "area": "fields", "type": "theory", "summary_en": "This theoretical review advocates electromagnetic accounts of consciousness and compares their explanatory claims with neuronal theories.", "limitation_en": "The comparisons represent the author’s position, not independent confirmation.", "source_language": "en", "journal": "Frontiers in Human Neuroscience", "verification": "metadata_abstract", "verified_date": "2026-11-14", "translations": { "es": { "summary": "Esta revisión teórica defiende explicaciones electromagnéticas de la conciencia y las compara con teorías neuronales.", "limitation": "Las comparaciones expresan la posición del autor, no una confirmación independiente." }, "ru": { "summary": "Теоретический обзор отстаивает электромагнитные объяснения сознания и сопоставляет их с нейронными теориями.", "limitation": "Сравнения отражают позицию автора, а не независимое подтверждение." }, "de": { "summary": "Dieser theoretische Review vertritt elektromagnetische Bewusstseinsmodelle und vergleicht deren Erklärungsansprüche mit neuronalen Theorien.", "limitation": "Die Vergleiche zeigen die Autorenposition, keine unabhängige Bestätigung." }, "fr": { "summary": "Cette revue théorique défend des explications électromagnétiques de la conscience et les compare aux théories neuronales.", "limitation": "Ces comparaisons expriment la position de l’auteur, sans confirmation indépendante." }, "zh": { "summary": "这篇理论综述支持意识的电磁场解释，并将其解释能力与神经元理论比较。", "limitation": "这些比较体现作者立场，而非独立验证。" }, "en": { "summary": "This theoretical review advocates electromagnetic accounts of consciousness and compares their explanatory claims with neuronal theories.", "limitation": "The comparisons represent the author’s position, not independent confirmation." } }, "verified_on": "2026-11-14", "level": "reviewed", "relevance": "direct", "relevance_method": "Editorial screening of title and available abstract; not methodological review", "relevance_reason": "Electromagnetic theory of consciousness is central" }, { "id": "mould-2024", "title": "Ultra weak photon emission—a brief review", "authors": "Rhys R. Mould et al.", "year": 2024, "doi": "10.3389/fphys.2024.1348915", "url": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38420619/", "area": "bio", "type": "review", "summary_en": "The authors survey biological photon research, metabolic origins, detection methods and potential applications of ultraweak light emission.", "limitation_en": "Proposed biological roles and applications require separate validation.", "source_language": "en", "journal": "Frontiers in Physiology", "verification": "metadata_abstract", "verified_date": "2026-11-14", "translations": { "es": { "summary": "Los autores revisan la investigación sobre fotones biológicos, sus orígenes metabólicos, detección y posibles aplicaciones.", "limitation": "Las funciones y aplicaciones propuestas requieren validación específica." }, "ru": { "summary": "Авторы рассматривают исследования биофотонов, их метаболические источники, способы регистрации и возможные применения.", "limitation": "Предлагаемые функции и применения требуют отдельной проверки." }, "de": { "summary": "Die Autoren überblicken Biophotonenforschung, metabolische Ursprünge, Nachweisverfahren und mögliche Anwendungen ultraschwacher Lichtemission.", "limitation": "Vorgeschlagene Funktionen und Anwendungen benötigen gesonderte Validierung." }, "fr": { "summary": "Les auteurs examinent la recherche sur les photons biologiques, leurs origines métaboliques, leur détection et leurs applications possibles.", "limitation": "Les fonctions et applications proposées nécessitent une validation spécifique." }, "zh": { "summary": "作者概述生物光子研究、代谢来源、检测方法及超弱发光的潜在应用。", "limitation": "提出的生物功能和应用仍须分别验证。" }, "en": { "summary": "The authors survey biological photon research, metabolic origins, detection methods and potential applications of ultraweak light emission.", "limitation": "Proposed biological roles and applications require separate validation." } }, "verified_on": "2026-11-14", "level": "reviewed", "relevance": "context", "relevance_method": "Editorial screening of title and available abstract; not methodological review", "relevance_reason": "Biophoton research; does not directly study consciousness." }, { "id": "bodis-2026", "title": "Ultra-weak photon emission: from oxidative metabolism to DNA-based communication: a review of biochemical, biophysical and quantum biological perspectives", "authors": "Jozsef Bodis et al.", "year": 2026, "doi": "10.3389/fendo.2026.1861061", "url": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42694272/", "area": "bio", "type": "review", "summary_en": "A review with mouse-embryo measurements examines metabolic photon sources and hypotheses about DNA-related optical signalling.", "limitation_en": "The authors acknowledge that DNA-based biophoton communication remains unproven.", "source_language": "en", "journal": "Frontiers in Endocrinology", "verification": "metadata_abstract", "verified_date": "2026-11-14", "translations": { "es": { "summary": "Una revisión con mediciones en embriones de ratón examina fuentes metabólicas de fotones e hipótesis de señalización vinculada al ADN.", "limitation": "Los autores reconocen que esa comunicación sigue sin demostrarse." }, "ru": { "summary": "Обзор с измерениями на эмбрионах мышей рассматривает метаболические источники фотонов и гипотезы оптической сигнализации ДНК.", "limitation": "Авторы признают, что такая коммуникация остаётся недоказанной." }, "de": { "summary": "Ein Review mit Messungen an Mausembryonen untersucht metabolische Photonenquellen und Hypothesen DNA-bezogener optischer Signalübertragung.", "limitation": "Die Autoren erkennen an, dass solche Kommunikation unbewiesen bleibt." }, "fr": { "summary": "Une revue incluant des mesures sur des embryons de souris examine les sources métaboliques de photons et la signalisation liée à l’ADN.", "limitation": "Les auteurs reconnaissent que cette communication reste non démontrée." }, "zh": { "summary": "这篇包含小鼠胚胎测量的综述考察代谢光子来源及DNA相关光信号假说。", "limitation": "作者承认，基于DNA的生物光子通信仍未获证实。" }, "en": { "summary": "A review with mouse-embryo measurements examines metabolic photon sources and hypotheses about DNA-related optical signalling.", "limitation": "The authors acknowledge that DNA-based biophoton communication remains unproven." } }, "verified_on": "2026-11-14", "level": "reviewed", "relevance": "context", "relevance_method": "Editorial screening of title and available abstract; not methodological review", "relevance_reason": "Biophoton metabolism; indirect biological background" }, { "id": "crowther-2026", "title": "Ultra-Weak Photon Emission as a By-Product of Mitochondrial Oxidative Metabolism: Mechanisms, Limits, and Implications", "authors": "Samuel Crowther, Alice Attenborough and Frank Vollmer", "year": 2026, "doi": "10.1002/nap2.70340", "url": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42923700/", "area": "bio", "type": "review", "summary_en": "The review explains mitochondrial photon emission through oxidative chemistry, distinguishing baseline emission from stress-related increases.", "limitation_en": "Its energetic analysis does not cover every cellular light source.", "source_language": "en", "journal": "Nanophotonics", "verification": "metadata_abstract", "verified_date": "2026-11-14", "translations": { "es": { "summary": "La revisión explica la emisión mitocondrial mediante química oxidativa y distingue la emisión basal de los aumentos por estrés.", "limitation": "Su análisis energético no cubre todas las fuentes luminosas celulares." }, "ru": { "summary": "Обзор объясняет митохондриальное излучение окислительной химией, различая фоновое свечение и его усиление при стрессе.", "limitation": "Энергетический анализ не охватывает все источники клеточного света." }, "de": { "summary": "Der Review erklärt mitochondriale Photonenemission durch oxidative Chemie und unterscheidet Grundemission von stressbedingten Zunahmen.", "limitation": "Die Energieanalyse umfasst nicht sämtliche zellulären Lichtquellen." }, "fr": { "summary": "La revue explique l’émission mitochondriale par la chimie oxydative, distinguant l’émission basale des augmentations liées au stress.", "limitation": "Son analyse énergétique ne couvre pas toutes les sources cellulaires." }, "zh": { "summary": "该综述以氧化化学解释线粒体光子发射，并区分基础发光和应激增加。", "limitation": "其能量分析并未涵盖细胞的全部光源。" }, "en": { "summary": "The review explains mitochondrial photon emission through oxidative chemistry, distinguishing baseline emission from stress-related increases.", "limitation": "Its energetic analysis does not cover every cellular light source." } }, "verified_on": "2026-11-14", "level": "reviewed", "relevance": "context", "relevance_method": "Editorial screening of title and available abstract; not methodological review", "relevance_reason": "Mitochondrial emission mechanisms; no consciousness question" }, { "id": "kobayashi-2009", "title": "Imaging of ultraweak spontaneous photon emission from human body displaying diurnal rhythm", "authors": "Masaki Kobayashi, Daisuke Kikuchi and Hitoshi Okamura", "year": 2009, "doi": "10.1371/journal.pone.0006256", "url": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19606225/", "area": "bio", "type": "experiment", "summary_en": "Sensitive cameras visualized faint human-body light emission and changes in its intensity across the day.", "limitation_en": "These measurements do not demonstrate an aura or consciousness signal.", "source_language": "en", "journal": "PLOS ONE", "verification": "metadata_abstract", "verified_date": "2026-11-14", "translations": { "es": { "summary": "Cámaras sensibles visualizaron una tenue emisión luminosa del cuerpo humano y variaciones de intensidad durante el día.", "limitation": "Estas mediciones no demuestran un aura ni señales de conciencia." }, "ru": { "summary": "Чувствительные камеры зарегистрировали слабое свечение человеческого тела и изменения его интенсивности в течение дня.", "limitation": "Измерения не доказывают существование ауры или сигнала сознания." }, "de": { "summary": "Empfindliche Kameras erfassten schwache Lichtemission des menschlichen Körpers und Änderungen ihrer Intensität im Tagesverlauf.", "limitation": "Die Messungen belegen weder Aura noch Bewusstseinssignal." }, "fr": { "summary": "Des caméras sensibles ont visualisé une faible émission lumineuse corporelle et des variations d’intensité au cours de la journée.", "limitation": "Ces mesures ne prouvent ni aura ni signal de conscience." }, "zh": { "summary": "高灵敏度相机记录了人体微弱发光及其强度在一天内的变化。", "limitation": "这些测量并未证明存在灵气或意识信号。" }, "en": { "summary": "Sensitive cameras visualized faint human-body light emission and changes in its intensity across the day.", "limitation": "These measurements do not demonstrate an aura or consciousness signal." } }, "verified_on": "2026-11-14", "level": "reviewed", "relevance": "context", "relevance_method": "Editorial screening of title and available abstract; not methodological review", "relevance_reason": "Biophoton research; does not directly study consciousness." }, { "id": "hameroff-penrose-2014", "title": "Consciousness in the universe: a review of the 'Orch OR' theory", "authors": "Stuart Hameroff; Roger Penrose", "year": 2014, "doi": "10.1016/j.plrev.2013.08.002", "url": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24070914/", "journal": "Physics of Life Reviews", "area": "fields", "type": "theory", "summary_en": "Reviews the proposed connection between consciousness, quantum processes in microtubules and objective reduction.", "limitation_en": "A theoretical proposal, not a demonstration that quantum processes generate consciousness.", "translations": { "es": { "summary": "Revisa la conexión propuesta entre conciencia, procesos cuánticos en microtúbulos y reducción objetiva.", "limitation": "Es una propuesta teórica, no una demostración de que procesos cuánticos generen conciencia." }, "ru": { "summary": "Обзор предполагаемой связи сознания с квантовыми процессами в микротрубочках и объективной редукцией.", "limitation": "Теоретическое предложение, а не доказательство квантового происхождения сознания." }, "de": { "summary": "Erörtert die vorgeschlagene Verbindung zwischen Bewusstsein, Quantenprozessen in Mikrotubuli und objektiver Reduktion.", "limitation": "Ein theoretischer Vorschlag, kein Nachweis einer quantenphysikalischen Entstehung des Bewusstseins." }, "fr": { "summary": "Examine le lien proposé entre conscience, processus quantiques dans les microtubules et réduction objective.", "limitation": "Une proposition théorique, sans démonstration que des processus quantiques produisent la conscience." }, "zh": { "summary": "综述意识、微管中的量子过程与客观坍缩之间的假设联系。", "limitation": "这是一种理论提案，并未证明量子过程产生意识。" }, "en": { "summary": "Reviews the proposed connection between consciousness, quantum processes in microtubules and objective reduction.", "limitation": "A theoretical proposal, not a demonstration that quantum processes generate consciousness." } }, "source_language": "en", "verification": "metadata_abstract", "verified_on": "2026-11-14", "level": "reviewed", "relevance": "direct", "relevance_method": "Editorial screening of title and available abstract; not methodological review", "relevance_reason": "Near-death experiences or dying-brain activity are central" }, { "id": "tegmark-2000", "title": "Importance of quantum decoherence in brain processes", "authors": "Max Tegmark", "year": 2000, "doi": "10.1103/PhysRevE.61.4194", "url": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11088215/", "journal": "Physical Review E", "area": "fields", "type": "theory", "summary_en": "Calculates rapid decoherence in brain models and challenges a quantum-computational explanation of cognition.", "limitation_en": "The conclusions depend on the modeled states and physical assumptions.", "translations": { "es": { "summary": "Calcula una decoherencia rápida en modelos cerebrales y cuestiona una explicación cuántico-computacional de la cognición.", "limitation": "Las conclusiones dependen de los estados modelados y de los supuestos físicos." }, "ru": { "summary": "Рассчитывает быструю декогеренцию в моделях мозга и оспаривает квантово-вычислительное объяснение познания.", "limitation": "Выводы зависят от моделируемых состояний и физических допущений." }, "de": { "summary": "Berechnet schnelle Dekohärenz in Gehirnmodellen und hinterfragt eine quantencomputerbasierte Erklärung der Kognition.", "limitation": "Die Schlussfolgerungen hängen von den modellierten Zuständen und physikalischen Annahmen ab." }, "fr": { "summary": "Calcule une décohérence rapide dans des modèles cérébraux et conteste une explication quantique computationnelle de la cognition.", "limitation": "Les conclusions dépendent des états modélisés et des hypothèses physiques." }, "zh": { "summary": "计算脑模型中的快速退相干，并质疑用量子计算解释认知。", "limitation": "结论取决于所建模的状态和物理假设。" }, "en": { "summary": "Calculates rapid decoherence in brain models and challenges a quantum-computational explanation of cognition.", "limitation": "The conclusions depend on the modeled states and physical assumptions." } }, "source_language": "en", "verification": "metadata_abstract", "verified_on": "2026-11-14", "level": "reviewed", "relevance": "direct", "relevance_method": "Editorial screening of title and available abstract; not methodological review", "relevance_reason": "Critiques quantum accounts of consciousness" }, { "id": "hagan-2002", "title": "Quantum computation in brain microtubules: decoherence and biological feasibility", "authors": "S. Hagan; S. R. Hameroff; J. A. Tuszyński", "year": 2002, "doi": "10.1103/PhysRevE.65.061901", "url": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12188753/", "journal": "Physical Review E", "area": "fields", "type": "theory", "summary_en": "Recalculates microtubule decoherence under different assumptions, responding to criticisms of the Orch OR model.", "limitation_en": "Model calculations do not establish conscious quantum computation in living brains.", "translations": { "es": { "summary": "Recalcula la decoherencia de microtúbulos con otros supuestos, respondiendo a críticas del modelo Orch OR.", "limitation": "Los cálculos no demuestran computación cuántica consciente en cerebros vivos." }, "ru": { "summary": "Пересчитывает декогеренцию микротрубочек при иных допущениях в ответ на критику модели Orch OR.", "limitation": "Расчёты не доказывают сознательные квантовые вычисления в живом мозге." }, "de": { "summary": "Berechnet die Dekohärenz von Mikrotubuli unter anderen Annahmen neu und antwortet auf Kritik am Orch-OR-Modell.", "limitation": "Modellrechnungen belegen keine bewusste Quantenberechnung in lebenden Gehirnen." }, "fr": { "summary": "Recalcule la décohérence des microtubules selon différentes hypothèses, en réponse aux critiques du modèle Orch OR.", "limitation": "Ces calculs ne démontrent pas de calcul quantique conscient dans le cerveau vivant." }, "zh": { "summary": "在不同假设下重新计算微管退相干，回应对Orch OR模型的批评。", "limitation": "模型计算并不能证明活体大脑进行有意识的量子计算。" }, "en": { "summary": "Recalculates microtubule decoherence under different assumptions, responding to criticisms of the Orch OR model.", "limitation": "Model calculations do not establish conscious quantum computation in living brains." } }, "source_language": "en", "verification": "metadata_abstract", "verified_on": "2026-11-14", "level": "reviewed", "relevance": "direct", "relevance_method": "Editorial screening of title and available abstract; not methodological review", "relevance_reason": "Examines conscious experience, its mechanisms, or NDEs." }, { "id": "khan-2024", "title": "Microtubule-Stabilizer Epothilone B Delays Anesthetic-Induced Unconsciousness in Rats", "authors": "Sana Khan et al.", "year": 2024, "doi": "10.1523/ENEURO.0291-24.2024", "url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11363512/", "journal": "eNeuro", "area": "fields", "type": "experiment", "summary_en": "A microtubule-stabilizing treatment delayed loss of righting reflex during isoflurane anesthesia in rats.", "limitation_en": "An animal behavioral measure does not directly demonstrate quantum consciousness.", "license": "CC BY 4.0", "license_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/", "translations": { "es": { "summary": "Un tratamiento estabilizador de microtúbulos retrasó la pérdida del reflejo de enderezamiento durante anestesia con isoflurano en ratas.", "limitation": "Una medida conductual animal no demuestra directamente conciencia cuántica." }, "ru": { "summary": "Стабилизация микротрубочек отсрочила утрату рефлекса переворачивания у крыс при анестезии изофлураном.", "limitation": "Поведенческий показатель у животных не доказывает квантовую природу сознания." }, "de": { "summary": "Eine mikrotubulistabilisierende Behandlung verzögerte den Verlust des Aufrichtreflexes bei Ratten unter Isofluran-Narkose.", "limitation": "Ein tierischer Verhaltensindikator belegt kein Quantenbewusstsein." }, "fr": { "summary": "Un traitement stabilisant les microtubules a retardé la perte du réflexe de redressement chez des rats anesthésiés à l’isoflurane.", "limitation": "Une mesure comportementale animale ne démontre pas directement une conscience quantique." }, "zh": { "summary": "在异氟烷麻醉的大鼠中，稳定微管的处理延迟了翻正反射的丧失。", "limitation": "动物行为指标不能直接证明量子意识。" }, "en": { "summary": "A microtubule-stabilizing treatment delayed loss of righting reflex during isoflurane anesthesia in rats.", "limitation": "An animal behavioral measure does not directly demonstrate quantum consciousness." } }, "source_language": "en", "verification": "metadata_abstract", "verified_on": "2026-11-14", "level": "reviewed", "relevance": "direct", "relevance_method": "Editorial screening of title and available abstract; not methodological review", "relevance_reason": "Near-death experiences or dying-brain activity are central" }, { "id": "epmc-6854303", "title": "The near-death experience scale. Construction, reliability, and validity.", "authors": "Greyson B.", "year": 1983, "doi": "10.1097/00005053-198306000-00007", "url": "https://europepmc.org/article/MED/6854303", "journal": "The Journal of nervous and mental disease", "area": "ecm", "type": "indexed", "source_language": "en", "verification": "database_metadata", "level": "indexed", "imported_on": "2026-11-14", "source_database": "Europe PMC / PubMed", "source_id": "6854303", "pub_types": [ "Journal Article" ], "open_access": false, "fulltext_url": null, "relevance": "direct", "relevance_method": "Editorial screening of title and available abstract; not methodological review", "relevance_reason": "Near-death phenomenology or its consequences are central" }, { "id": "epmc-11210204", "title": "A review of the nonmedical use of ketamine: use, users and consequences.", "authors": "Jansen KL.", "year": 2000, "doi": "10.1080/02791072.2000.10400244", "url": "https://europepmc.org/article/MED/11210204", "journal": "Journal of psychoactive drugs", "area": "ecm", "type": "review", "source_language": "en", "verification": "database_metadata", "level": "indexed", "imported_on": "2026-11-14", "source_database": "Europe PMC / PubMed", "source_id": "11210204", "pub_types": [ "Review", "Journal Article" ], "open_access": false, "fulltext_url": null, "relevance": "context", "relevance_method": "Editorial screening of title and available abstract; not methodological review", "relevance_reason": "Ketamine use review; consciousness is secondary" }, { "id": "epmc-30174629", "title": "DMT Models the Near-Death Experience.", "authors": "Timmermann C, Roseman L, Williams L, Erritzoe D, Martial C, Cassol H, Laureys S, Nutt D, Carhart-Harris R.", "year": 2018, "doi": "10.3389/fpsyg.2018.01424", "url": "https://europepmc.org/article/MED/30174629", "journal": "Frontiers in psychology", "area": "ecm", "type": "indexed", "source_language": "en", "verification": "database_metadata", "level": "indexed", "imported_on": "2026-11-14", "source_database": "Europe PMC / PubMed", "source_id": "30174629", "pub_types": [ "research-article", "Journal Article" ], "open_access": true, "fulltext_url": "https://europepmc.org/articles/PMC6107838", "relevance": "direct", "relevance_method": "Editorial screening of title and available abstract; not methodological review", "relevance_reason": "Near-death phenomenology or its consequences are central" }, { "id": "epmc-23421859", "title": "From \"Special K\" to \"Special M\": the evolution of the recreational use of ketamine and methoxetamine.", "authors": "Corazza O, Assi S, Schifano F.", "year": 2013, "doi": "10.1111/cns.12063", "url": "https://europepmc.org/article/MED/23421859", "journal": "CNS neuroscience & therapeutics", "area": "ecm", "type": "review", "source_language": "en", "verification": "database_metadata", "level": "indexed", "imported_on": "2026-11-14", "source_database": "Europe PMC / PubMed", "source_id": "23421859", "pub_types": [ "Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't", "review-article", "Review", "Journal Article" ], "open_access": false, "fulltext_url": null, "relevance": "context", "relevance_method": "Editorial screening of title and available abstract; not methodological review", "relevance_reason": "Drug-use review; conscious states are secondary" }, { "id": "epmc-29309770", "title": "A sub-set of psychoactive effects may be critical to the behavioral impact of ketamine on cocaine use disorder: Results from a randomized, controlled laboratory study.", "authors": "Dakwar E, Nunes EV, Hart CL, Hu MC, Foltin RW, Levin FR.", "year": 2018, "doi": "10.1016/j.neuropharm.2018.01.005", "url": "https://europepmc.org/article/MED/29309770", "journal": "Neuropharmacology", "area": "ecm", "type": "indexed", "source_language": "en", "verification": "database_metadata", "level": "indexed", "imported_on": "2026-11-14", "source_database": "Europe PMC / PubMed", "source_id": "29309770", "pub_types": [ "research-article", "Randomized Controlled Trial", "Journal Article", "Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural" ], "open_access": false, "fulltext_url": null, "relevance": "context", "relevance_method": "Editorial screening of title and available abstract; 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not methodological review", "relevance_reason": "Biophoton research; does not directly study consciousness." }, { "id": "epmc-15935689", "title": "Ultra-weak photon emission from human hand: influence of temperature and oxygen concentration on emission.", "authors": "Nakamura K, Hiramatsu M.", "year": 2005, "doi": "10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2005.02.005", "url": "https://europepmc.org/article/MED/15935689", "journal": "Journal of photochemistry and photobiology. 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does not directly study consciousness." }, { "id": "epmc-25153902", "title": "Biophoton emission induced by heat shock.", "authors": "Kobayashi K, Okabe H, Kawano S, Hidaka Y, Hara K.", "year": 2014, "doi": "10.1371/journal.pone.0105700", "url": "https://europepmc.org/article/MED/25153902", "journal": "PloS one", "area": "bio", "type": "indexed", "source_language": "en", "verification": "database_metadata", "level": "indexed", "imported_on": "2026-11-14", "source_database": "Europe PMC / PubMed", "source_id": "25153902", "pub_types": [ "Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't", "research-article", "Journal Article" ], "open_access": true, "fulltext_url": "https://europepmc.org/articles/PMC4143285", "relevance": "context", "relevance_method": "Editorial screening of title and available abstract; not methodological review", "relevance_reason": "Heat-induced cellular photon emission; supporting mechanism" }, { "id": "epmc-15664502", "title": "Year-long biophoton measurements: normalized frequency count analysis and seasonal dependency.", "authors": "Jung HH, Yang JM, Woo WM, Choi C, Yang JS, Soh KS.", "year": 2005, "doi": "10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2004.08.002", "url": "https://europepmc.org/article/MED/15664502", "journal": "Journal of photochemistry and photobiology. 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does not directly study consciousness." }, { "id": "epmc-1473567", "title": "The effect of stress factors on the spontaneous photon emission from microorganisms.", "authors": "Tilbury RN.", "year": 1992, "doi": "10.1007/bf01947991", "url": "https://europepmc.org/article/MED/1473567", "journal": "Experientia", "area": "bio", "type": "review", "source_language": "en", "verification": "database_metadata", "level": "indexed", "imported_on": "2026-11-14", "source_database": "Europe PMC / PubMed", "source_id": "1473567", "pub_types": [ "Review", "Journal Article" ], "open_access": false, "fulltext_url": null, "relevance": "context", "relevance_method": "Editorial screening of title and available abstract; not methodological review", "relevance_reason": "Microbial photon stress mechanisms; supporting biological background" }, { "id": "epmc-1725501", "title": "Light-induced photon emission by rat hepatocytes and hepatoma cells.", "authors": "van Wijk R, van Aken H.", "year": 1991, "doi": "10.1007/bf02990513", "url": "https://europepmc.org/article/MED/1725501", "journal": "Cell biophysics", "area": "bio", "type": "indexed", "source_language": "en", "verification": "database_metadata", "level": "indexed", "imported_on": "2026-11-14", "source_database": "Europe PMC / PubMed", "source_id": "1725501", "pub_types": [ "Comparative Study", "Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't", "Journal Article" ], "open_access": false, "fulltext_url": null, "relevance": "context", "relevance_method": "Editorial screening of title and available abstract; 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not methodological review" }, { "id": "epmc-30519211", "title": "Behavioral and Resting State Functional Connectivity Effects of High Frequency rTMS on Disorders of Consciousness: A Sham-Controlled Study.", "authors": "Liu X, Meng F, Gao J, Zhang L, Zhou Z, Pan G, Luo B.", "year": 2018, "doi": "10.3389/fneur.2018.00982", "url": "https://europepmc.org/article/MED/30519211", "journal": "Frontiers in neurology", "area": "neuro", "type": "indexed", "source_language": "en", "verification": "database_metadata", "level": "indexed", "imported_on": "2026-11-14", "source_database": "Europe PMC / PubMed", "source_id": "30519211", "pub_types": [ "research-article", "Journal Article" ], "open_access": true, "relevance": "direct", "relevance_reason": "Conscious states, awareness, or their mechanisms are central", "relevance_method": "Editorial screening of title and available abstract; not methodological review" }, { "id": "epmc-29915337", "title": "Cardio-visual full body illusion alters bodily self-consciousness and tactile processing in somatosensory cortex.", "authors": "Heydrich L, Aspell JE, Marillier G, Lavanchy T, Herbelin B, Blanke O.", "year": 2018, "doi": "10.1038/s41598-018-27698-2", "url": "https://europepmc.org/article/MED/29915337", "journal": "Scientific reports", "area": "neuro", "type": "indexed", "source_language": "en", "verification": "database_metadata", "level": "indexed", "imported_on": "2026-11-14", "source_database": "Europe PMC / PubMed", "source_id": "29915337", "pub_types": [ "Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't", "research-article", "Journal Article" ], "open_access": true, "relevance": "direct", "relevance_reason": "Examines conscious states, awareness, or consciousness mechanisms.", "relevance_method": "Editorial screening of title and available abstract; not methodological review" }, { "id": "epmc-29872420", "title": "Shining a Light on Awareness: A Review of Functional Near-Infrared Spectroscopy for Prolonged Disorders of Consciousness.", "authors": "Rupawala M, Dehghani H, Lucas SJE, Tino P, Cruse D.", "year": 2018, "doi": "10.3389/fneur.2018.00350", "url": "https://europepmc.org/article/MED/29872420", "journal": "Frontiers in neurology", "area": "neuro", "type": "review", "source_language": "en", "verification": "database_metadata", "level": "indexed", "imported_on": "2026-11-14", "source_database": "Europe PMC / PubMed", "source_id": "29872420", "pub_types": [ "review-article", "Review", "Journal Article" ], "open_access": true, "relevance": "direct", "relevance_reason": "Conscious states, awareness, or their mechanisms are central", "relevance_method": "Editorial screening of title and available abstract; not methodological review" }, { "id": "epmc-29867725", "title": "A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of the Relationship Between Brain Data and the Outcome in Disorders of Consciousness.", "authors": "Kotchoubey B, Pavlov YG.", "year": 2018, "doi": "10.3389/fneur.2018.00315", "url": "https://europepmc.org/article/MED/29867725", "journal": "Frontiers in neurology", "area": "neuro", "type": "review", "source_language": "en", "verification": "database_metadata", "level": "indexed", "imported_on": "2026-11-14", "source_database": "Europe PMC / PubMed", "source_id": "29867725", "pub_types": [ "systematic-review", "Journal Article" ], "open_access": true, "relevance": "direct", "relevance_reason": "Examines conscious states, awareness, or consciousness mechanisms.", "relevance_method": "Editorial screening of title and available abstract; not methodological review" }, { "id": "epmc-29307451", "title": "Sleep patterns associated with the severity of impairment in a large cohort of patients with chronic disorders of consciousness.", "authors": "Rossi Sebastiano D, Visani E, Panzica F, Sattin D, Bersano A, Nigri A, Ferraro S, Parati E, Leonardi M, Franceschetti S.", "year": 2018, "doi": "10.1016/j.clinph.2017.12.012", "url": "https://europepmc.org/article/MED/29307451", "journal": "Clinical neurophysiology : official journal of the International Federation of Clinical Neurophysiology", "area": "neuro", "type": "indexed", "source_language": "en", "verification": "database_metadata", "level": "indexed", "imported_on": "2026-11-14", "source_database": "Europe PMC / PubMed", "source_id": "29307451", "pub_types": [ "Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't", "Journal Article" ], "open_access": false, "relevance": "direct", "relevance_reason": "Conscious states, awareness, or their mechanisms are central", "relevance_method": "Editorial screening of title and available abstract; not methodological review" }, { "id": "epmc-28855723", "title": "Interferences between breathing, experimental dyspnoea and bodily self-consciousness.", "authors": "Allard E, Canzoneri E, Adler D, Morélot-Panzini C, Bello-Ruiz J, Herbelin B, Blanke O, Similowski T.", "year": 2017, "doi": "10.1038/s41598-017-11045-y", "url": "https://europepmc.org/article/MED/28855723", "journal": "Scientific reports", "area": "neuro", "type": "indexed", "source_language": "en", "verification": "database_metadata", "level": "indexed", "imported_on": "2026-11-14", "source_database": "Europe PMC / PubMed", "source_id": "28855723", "pub_types": [ "Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't", "research-article", "Journal Article" ], "open_access": true, "relevance": "direct", "relevance_reason": "Examines conscious states, awareness, or consciousness mechanisms.", "relevance_method": "Editorial screening of title and available abstract; not methodological review" }, { "id": "epmc-26617542", "title": "Exploration of Functional Connectivity During Preferred Music Stimulation in Patients with Disorders of Consciousness.", "authors": "Heine L, Castro M, Martial C, Tillmann B, Laureys S, Perrin F.", "year": 2015, "doi": "10.3389/fpsyg.2015.01704", "url": "https://europepmc.org/article/MED/26617542", "journal": "Frontiers in psychology", "area": "neuro", "type": "indexed", "source_language": "en", "verification": "database_metadata", "level": "indexed", "imported_on": "2026-11-14", "source_database": "Europe PMC / PubMed", "source_id": "26617542", "pub_types": [ "research-article", "Journal Article" ], "open_access": true, "relevance": "direct", "relevance_reason": "Conscious states, awareness, or their mechanisms are central", "relevance_method": "Editorial screening of title and available abstract; not methodological review" }, { "id": "epmc-25150784", "title": "Resting state activity and the \"stream of consciousness\" in schizophrenia--neurophenomenal hypotheses.", "authors": "Northoff G.", "year": 2015, "doi": "10.1093/schbul/sbu116", "url": "https://europepmc.org/article/MED/25150784", "journal": "Schizophrenia bulletin", "area": "neuro", "type": "indexed", "source_language": "en", "verification": "database_metadata", "level": "indexed", "imported_on": "2026-11-14", "source_database": "Europe PMC / PubMed", "source_id": "25150784", "pub_types": [ "Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't", "research-article", "Journal Article" ], "open_access": false, "relevance": "direct", "relevance_reason": "Examines conscious states, awareness, or consciousness mechanisms.", "relevance_method": "Editorial screening of title and available abstract; not methodological review" }, { "id": "epmc-24394693", "title": "Connectivity biomarkers can differentiate patients with different levels of consciousness.", "authors": "Höller Y, Thomschewski A, Bergmann J, Kronbichler M, Crone JS, Schmid EV, Butz K, Butz K, Höller P, Nardone R, Trinka E.", "year": 2014, "doi": "10.1016/j.clinph.2013.12.095", "url": "https://europepmc.org/article/MED/24394693", "journal": "Clinical neurophysiology : official journal of the International Federation of Clinical Neurophysiology", "area": "neuro", "type": "indexed", "source_language": "en", "verification": "database_metadata", "level": "indexed", "imported_on": "2026-11-14", "source_database": "Europe PMC / PubMed", "source_id": "24394693", "pub_types": [ "Controlled Clinical Trial", "Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't", "Journal Article" ], "open_access": false, "relevance": "direct", "relevance_reason": "Conscious states, awareness, or their mechanisms are central", "relevance_method": "Editorial screening of title and available abstract; not methodological review" }, { "id": "epmc-23868563", "title": "Being confident without seeing: what subjective measures of visual consciousness are about.", "authors": "Zehetleitner M, Rausch M.", "year": 2013, "doi": "10.3758/s13414-013-0505-2", "url": "https://europepmc.org/article/MED/23868563", "journal": "Attention, perception & psychophysics", "area": "neuro", "type": "indexed", "source_language": "en", "verification": "database_metadata", "level": "indexed", "imported_on": "2026-11-14", "source_database": "Europe PMC / PubMed", "source_id": "23868563", "pub_types": [ "Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't", "Journal Article" ], "open_access": false, "relevance": "direct", "relevance_reason": "Examines conscious states, awareness, or consciousness mechanisms.", "relevance_method": "Editorial screening of title and available abstract; not methodological review" }, { "id": "epmc-3950600", "title": "Near-death experiences in India. A preliminary report", "authors": "S Pasricha; I Stevenson", "year": 1986, "doi": "10.1097/00005053-198603000-00007", "url": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/3950600/", "journal": "Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease", "area": "ecm", "type": "indexed", "summary_en": "Reports 16 investigated Indian near-death experiences and compares features with American accounts.", "limitation_en": "Small retrospective case series; cultural and recall effects limit inference. It does not establish survival after irreversible death.", "source_language": "en", "verification": "metadata_abstract", "level": "indexed", "translations": {}, "verified_on": "2026-11-14", "relevance": "direct", "relevance_method": "Title and available abstract screened; full text not reviewed", "relevance_reason": "Consciousness or near-death experience research", "countries": "India", "institutions": "", "affiliation_scope": "Selected affiliations from the publication; countries describe institutional locations or study setting, not author nationality." }, { "id": "epmc-28669110", "title": "Near-Death Experiences in a Multi-religious Hospital Population in Sri Lanka", "authors": "Miyuru Chandradasa; Chamara Wijesinghe; K A L A Kuruppuarachchi; Mahendra Perera", "year": 2018, "doi": "10.1007/s10943-017-0442-9", "url": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28669110/", "journal": "Journal of Religion and Health", "area": "ecm", "type": "indexed", "summary_en": "Examines reported near-death experiences in a hospital sample of 826 people; about 3% reported an experience.", "limitation_en": "Observational associations and recalled experiences cannot establish causation or postmortem consciousness.", "source_language": "en", "verification": "metadata_abstract", "level": "indexed", "translations": {}, "verified_on": "2026-11-14", "relevance": "direct", "relevance_method": "Title and available abstract screened; full text not reviewed", "relevance_reason": "Consciousness or near-death experience research", "countries": "Sri Lanka; United Kingdom; Australia", "institutions": "University of Kelaniya; Oxford Health NHS Foundation Trust; Albert Road Clinic", "affiliation_scope": "Selected affiliations from the publication; countries describe institutional locations or study setting, not author nationality." }, { "id": "epmc-38433651", "title": "How well do neural signatures of resting-state EEG detect consciousness? A large-scale clinical study", "authors": "Xiulin Ma; Yu Qi; Chuan Xu; Yijie Weng; Jie Yu; Xuyun Sun; Yamei Yu; Yuehao Wu; Jian Gao; Jingqi Li; Yousheng Shu; Shumin Duan; Benyan Luo; Gang Pan", "year": 2024, "doi": "10.1002/hbm.26586", "url": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38433651/", "journal": "Human Brain Mapping", "area": "neuro", "type": "indexed", "summary_en": "Evaluates resting EEG markers across 296 participants including patients with disorders of consciousness and healthy controls.", "limitation_en": "Performance in this clinical dataset does not imply universal individual diagnostic accuracy or explain subjective experience.", "source_language": "en", "verification": "metadata_abstract", "level": "indexed", "translations": {}, "verified_on": "2026-11-14", "relevance": "direct", "relevance_method": "Title and available abstract screened; full text not reviewed", "relevance_reason": "Consciousness or near-death experience research", "countries": "China", "institutions": "Zhejiang University; Fudan University", "affiliation_scope": "Selected affiliations from the publication; countries describe institutional locations or study setting, not author nationality." }, { "id": "epmc-38944172", "title": "Intracranial neural representation of phenomenal and access consciousness in the human brain", "authors": "Zepeng Fang; Yuanyuan Dang; Xiaoli Li; Qianchuan Zhao; Mingsha Zhang; Hulin Zhao", "year": 2024, "doi": "10.1016/j.neuroimage.2024.120699", "url": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38944172/", "journal": "NeuroImage", "area": "neuro", "type": "indexed", "summary_en": "Studies timing and location of awareness-related intracranial signals during a visual task in patients.", "limitation_en": "Clinically selected electrode locations and a specific task constrain generalization; neural correlates do not establish the nature of consciousness.", "source_language": "en", "verification": "metadata_abstract", "level": "indexed", "translations": {}, "verified_on": "2026-11-14", "relevance": "direct", "relevance_method": "Title and available abstract screened; full text not reviewed", "relevance_reason": "Consciousness or near-death experience research", "countries": "China", "institutions": "Beijing Normal University; Tsinghua University; Chinese PLA General Hospital", "affiliation_scope": "Selected affiliations from the publication; countries describe institutional locations or study setting, not author nationality." }, { "id": "epmc-41028390", "title": "Cortical connectivity, local dynamics and stability correlates of global conscious states", "authors": "Yun Zhao; Naotsugu Tsuchiya; Mario Boley; Vidushani Dhanawansa; Yueyang Liu; Philippa J Karoly; Andria Pelentritou; William Woods; David Liley; Levin Kuhlmann", "year": 2025, "doi": "10.1038/s42003-025-08782-6", "url": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41028390/", "journal": "Communications Biology", "area": "neuro", "type": "indexed", "summary_en": "Fits cortical models to MEG data from 15 participants under xenon anesthesia and relates inferred dynamics to conscious state.", "limitation_en": "Small sample and model-dependent correlations under anesthesia cannot demonstrate causation or generalize to irreversible death.", "source_language": "en", "verification": "metadata_abstract", "level": "indexed", "translations": {}, "verified_on": "2026-11-14", "relevance": "direct", "relevance_method": "Title and available abstract screened; full text not reviewed", "relevance_reason": "Consciousness or near-death experience research", "countries": "Australia; Japan", "institutions": "Monash University; University of Sydney; Advanced Telecommunications Research Computational Neuroscience Laboratories", "affiliation_scope": "Selected affiliations from the publication; countries describe institutional locations or study setting, not author nationality." } ]